Jacob-hall, 166 Jaddua, 11, 15 James II., 318 Jamnia, 74, 78 Jason, 16 Jehudah, the Prince, 92 the Blind, 117, 188 Halevi, 198 Jeremiah, 3 Jerome Bonaparte, 302 Jerome, St., 85 ‘Jerusalem’ by Mendelssohn, 293 Jerusalem, New, 233 taken by Nebuchadnezzar, 1 by Pompey, 34 by Antony, 39 by Mahomedans, 116, 157, 159 by crusaders, 159 named Ælia Capitolina, 85 Jesus of Nazareth, 49 Jewish Christians, 75 homes, 104 Parliament, 175 schools, 90, 281 soldiers, 131 war with Rome, 81 Jewries, 143, 160 Jews, in Africa, 73, 221, 308 Alexandria, 12, 52, 78 Antioch, 52, 73 Arabia, 113 Archipelago, 100 Babylon, 1, 3, 78, 97, 109 Belgium, 311 Bristol, 172 Central Europe, 152 Danubian Provinces, 312 Denmark, 311 the East, 97, 108, 266, 314 England, 127, 165 _sqq._, 246 _sqq._, 315 _sqq._ France, 100, 129, 161, 216, 278 Germany, 100, 164, 197, 216, 266 Greece, 73, 100 Holland, 231, 254 Italy, 73, 100, 126, 308 London, 165 _sq._ Norway, 311 Oxford, 165 _sq._ Palestine, 5 _sqq._, 53, 96, 314 Persia, 37 Poland, 276, 311 Portugal, 222, 309 Rome, 33 Roumania, 312 Russia, 311 Spain, 100, 118, 310 Turkey, 314 United States, 313 York, 166, 169 Jews expelled from England, 179 France, 164 Moravia, and Bohemia, 281 Portugal, 222 Spain, 148 Jews, origin of name, 1 people of the Land, Book, Ledger, 101 traders, 104 money-lenders, 153 slave-owners, 106 _sq._, 152 Crown property, 170 Joachin, Rabbi, 170 Jochanan ben Saccai, 74 John of Anjou, 171 John Hyrcan, 24, 30 John of Gischala, 65, 71 Jonathan the Maccabean, 22 Joppa, 24 Joseph Caro, 272 Joseph Halévy, 312 Joseph ben Israel, 240 Joseph ben Samuel, 135 Joseph of Portugal, 222 Josephus, 59, 61, 72, 73 Joshua (Jason), 16 Joshua van Oven, 330 Jotapata, 60 Judah, the Prince (or Jehudah), 92 Judaism and Christianity, 53 Judaism and Islam, 114 Judas the Galilean, 49 Judas Maccabeus, 19, 20 death of, 22 Judenhetze, 304 Jüdisch-deutsch, 282 Julian, the Apostate, 97, 98 Justinian, 100 Kabbala, 256 Kairuan, 134 Kaliphs, 115 Kaliphs of Bagdad, 124 Kallah, 87, 90, 117 Kant, 292 Karaism, 120 Karaites, 120, 123 Khozars, 113, 201 Kiddush, 87 Kingly crown, 191 Koran, 111, 112 Lavater, 293 Law, Oral, 91 Leibzoll, 302, 310 Leon, 137 Leonidas, 7 Leopold I., 281 Lessing, 291, 295, 297 Levitas, Elias, 268 Library, Hebrew, 275 Lincoln, 166 Loans, Jacob, 267 Joseph, 267 Lombards, 100 Lombardy, 309 Louis I., le Débonnaire, 128, 151 IX., 162, 163 XIII., 279 XIV., 263, 279 XVI., 278 Luria, Isaac, 271 Luther, Martin, 260