36 – There were two stars of this name; the other one was Moses Ibn Ezra of Granada, a poet of some note. 37 – _See_ p. 138. 38 – The English version of _Benjamin of Tudela’s Itinerary_ is accessible; and, if somewhat less easy reading than some modern books of travel, it should be of sufficient interest to Jews to be familiar to them. 39 – Graetz. 40 – The existence of Bulan and of the Jewish dynasty of the Khozars is historical, the rest may be accounted as ‘idyls of the king.’ 41 – This extract is from a letter, dated 1199, to Rabbi Samuel Ibn Tibbon, a friend who, later on, translated, under Maimonides’ direction, his famous work, _The Guide to the Perplexed_, from Arabic into Hebrew. The English translation of this letter to Ibn Tibbon, which was originally written in Arabic, thence translated into Hebrew, is by Dr. H. Adler――_Miscellany of Hebrew Literature_, 1st series. 42 – Which means, from Moses our Lawgiver till Moses Maimonides, none rose like Moses. 43 – See p. 267. 44 – The allusion is to the siege of Leyden, 1573, when, as a last chance of relieving the city, William the Silent had the great dykes pierced so as to let in the sea, and thus flooding the country, succeeded in drowning out the besiegers, and sending in barges with food to the besieged. The story is splendidly told in Motley’s _Rise of the Dutch Republic_. 45 – Traditional interpretation identifies the Biblical _Ashkenaz_ (Gen. x. 3), _Zarephath_, and _Sephared_ (Obad. 20) with Germany, France, and Spain. The Jews of Spain were therefore called _Sephardim_, and those of Germany _Ashkenazim_. These names are applied to Jews of other countries, in the degree in which they approach to the former or the latter in their pronunciation of Hebrew, and in their ritual. 46 – The Abarbanel who pleaded to Ferdinand and Isabella. See chap. xxi. 47 – Grotius was also for some years Swedish ambassador at Paris. Milton was there received by him in 1638. 48 – Parts of this chapter are taken almost _verbatim_ from an article by the author which appeared in _Good Words_, Oct. 1884. 49 – From ‘Declaration to the Commonwealth.’ 50 – _Cromwell_, vol. ii. p. 359. 51 – The Hero as King――_Heroes_, p. 342. 52 – Novalis. 53 – See p. 87. 54 – Thomson. 55 – See p. 220. 56 – See p. 193. 57 – A thaler is three times as valuable as a mark. 58 – See p. 113. 59 – See p. 216. 60 – See p. 210. 61 – Goethe’s phrase. 62 – Dan. iii. 63 – Lowell. 64 – Goethe. 65 – See p. 193. 66 – _Gottesdienstliche Vorträge der Juden historisch entwickelt._ 67 – _Zur Geschichte und Literatur._ 68 – Samuel of Babylon, who died 253.