MAGISTRATES.--A Roman who sought office went round soliciting votes. This was called _ambitio_ (from _ambire_, to go round), whence is derived the English word _ambition_. He presented himself in public places in a toga specially whitened, and was hence called a _candidate_ (from _candida_, meaning _white_). He sought to get support by providing shows and games. The voting was by ballot. Magistrates had their seats of honor, which were made in a particular shape. In the different forms used in the trial of causes, there was one general practice,--the magistrate laid down the law, and referred the judgment as to the facts in the case to an umpire, either an individual or a special court. THE JULIAN IMPERIAL HOUSE. C. JULIUS CÆSAR, _m_. Aurelia. | +--C. JULIUS CÆSAR. | +--Julia, _m_. M. Atius Balbus. | +--Atia, _m_. C. Octavius. | +--C. Octavius (adopted as son by the will of Julius) became C. JULIUS CÆSAR OCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS, _m_. 2, Scribonia; | +--Julia _m_. 2, M. Vipsanius Agrippa. | +--Agrippina, | _m_. Germanicus. | | | +--CAIUS (Caligula), | | _m_. Cæsonia, | | | | | +--Julia Drusilla. | | | +--Agrippina, | _m_. Cn. Domitius. | | | +--L. DOMITIUS NERO, | _m_. Poppæa Sabina. | | | +--Claudia Augusta. | +--Julia, _m_. Æmilius Paulus. | +--Æmilia Lepida, _m_. 1, CLAUDIUS; 2, Junius Silanus. | +--Junia Calvina, _m_. VITELLIUS. 3, Livia. | +--TIBERIUS (adopted as son by Augustus). THE CLAUDIAN IMPERIAL HOUSE. TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS NERO. _m_. Livia Drusilla (afterwards wife of AUGUSTUS). | +--TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS NERO. | +--Drusus Claudius Nero, _m_. Antonia, daughter of the Triumvir and niece of Augustus. | +--Germanicus, | _m_. Agrippina. | +--TI. CLAUDIUS DRUSUS, _m_. 5, Valeria Messalina. | +--Octavia, | _m_. NERO. | +--Britannicus. | +--By adoption, NERO. CHAPTER II. THE EMPERORS OF THE AUGUSTAN HOUSE.