Parliament sat early in 1401 and was by no means as confident as Henry seemed to be regarding the state of Wales, a subject which formed the chief burden of their debate. Even here, perhaps, the gravity of the Welsh movement was not entirely realised; the authorities were angry but scarcely alarmed; no one remembered the old Welsh wars or the traditional defensive tactics of the Welsh, and the fact of Henry having swept through the Principality unopposed gave rise to misconceptions. There was no question, however, about their hostility towards Wales, and in the early spring of this year the following ordinances for the future government of the Principality were published. (1) All lords of castles in Wales were to have them properly secured against assault on pain of forfeiture. (2) No Welshman in future was to be a Justice, Chamberlain, Chancellor, Seneschal, Receiver, Chief Forester, Sheriff, Escheator, Constable of a castle, or Keeper of rolls or records. All these offices were to be held by Englishmen, who were to reside at their posts. (3) The people of a district were to be held responsible for all breaches of the peace in their neighbourhood and were to be answerable in their own persons for all felons, robbers, and trespassers found therein. (4) All felons and evildoers were to be immediately handed over to justice and might not be sheltered on any pretext by any lord in any castle. (5) The Welsh people were to be taxed and charged with the expense of repairing and maintaining walls, gates, and castles in North Wales when wilfully destroyed, and for refurnishing them and keeping them in order, at the discretion of the owner, for a term not exceeding three years, except under special orders from the King. (6) No meetings of Welsh were to be held without the permission of the chief officers of the lordship, who were to be held responsible for any damage or riot that ensued. The gifts called "Cwmwrth," too, exacted by collection for the maintenance of the bards or minstrels, were strictly interdicted. Adam of Usk, one of the few lay chroniclers of this period, was himself present at the Parliament of 1401 and heard "many harsh things" to be put in force against the Welsh: among others, "that they should not marry with English, nor get them wealth, nor dwell in England." Also that the men of the Marches "might use reprisals against Welshmen who were their debtors or who had injured them," a truce for a week being first granted to give them the opportunity of making amends. [Illustration: CARCHARDY OWAIN, GLYNDWR'S PRISON HOUSE AT LLANSANTFFRAID. Copyright Miss Walker.]