Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The answer of the townsmen (1298) to the Chancellor's retort quoted
above was distinctly vigorous. They seized and imprisoned all scholars
on whom they could lay hands, invaded their inns, made havoc of their
goods and trampled their books under foot. In the face of such
provocation the Proctors sent their bedels about the town, forbidding
the students to leave their inns. But all commands and exhortations were
in vain. By nine o'clock next morning, bands of scholars were parading
the streets in martial array. If the Proctors failed to restrain them,
the mayor was equally powerless to restrain his townsmen. The great bell
of S. Martin's rang out an alarm; ox-horns were sounded in the streets;
messengers were sent into the country to collect rustic allies. The
clerks, who numbered three thousand in all, began their attack
simultaneously in various quarters. They broke open warehouses in the
Spicery, the Cutlery and elsewhere. Armed with bows and arrows, swords
and bucklers, slings and stones, they fell upon their opponents. Three
they slew, and wounded fifty or more. One band, led by Fulk de Neyrmit,
Rector of Piglesthorne, and his brother, took up a position in High
Street between the Churches of S. Mary and All Saints, and attacked the
house of a certain Edward Hales. This Hales was a long-standing enemy of
the clerks. There were no half measures with him. He seized his
crossbow, and from an upper chamber sent an unerring shaft into the eye
of the pugnacious rector. The death of their valiant leader caused the
clerks to lose heart. They fled, closely pursued by the townsmen and
country-folk. Some were struck down in the streets, and others who had
taken refuge in the churches were dragged out and driven mercilessly to
prison, lashed with thongs and goaded with iron spikes.
Complaints of murder, violence and robbery were lodged straightway with
the King by both parties. The townsmen claimed three thousand pounds'
damage. The commissioners, however, appointed to decide the matter,
condemned them to pay two hundred marks, removed the bailiffs, and
banished twelve of the most turbulent citizens from Oxford. Then the
terms of peace were formally ratified.
Following the example of their Chancellor, who was gradually asserting
his authority more and more in secular matters, and thought little of
excommunicating a mayor for removing a pillory without his leave (1325),
the clerks became continually more aggressive. Quarrels with the
townsmen were succeeded by quarrels with the Bishop of Lincoln, when the
latter, in his turn, tried to encroach upon the jurisdiction of the
Chancellor. Peace, perfect peace, it will be seen, had not yet descended
upon the University. The triumph of Dulness had not arrived, when the
enraptured monarch should behold:
"Isis' elders reel, their pupils sport,
And Alma Mater lie dissolved in port."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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