Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
The warden of this new foundation was to be a person of no small
importance. Wykeham intended him to live in a separate house, with a
separate establishment and an income (£40) far more splendid than the
pittance assigned to the Master of Balliol or even the Warden of Merton.
The buildings of Merton had been kept separate; only by degrees, and as
if by accident, had they assumed the familiar and charming form of a
quadrangle. The genius of Wykeham adopted and adapted the fortuitous
plan of Merton. At New College we have for the first time a group of
collegiate buildings, tower-gateway (the tower assuredly of one "wise of
building castles!") chapel, hall, library, treasury, warden's lodgings,
chambers, cloister-cemetery, kitchen and domestics offices, designed and
comprised in one self-sufficing quadrangle (1380-1400). Just as the
statutes of New College are the rule of Merton enormously elaborated, so
the plan of the buildings is that of Merton modified and systematised.
The type of New College served as a model for all subsequent
foundations. The most noticeable features in this arrangement are that
the hall and chapel are under one roof, and that the chapel consists of
a choir, suitable to the needs of a small congregation, and of a nave
of two bays, stopping short at the transepts, and forming an ante-chapel
which might serve both as a vestibule and as a room for lectures and
disputations. The chapel, which contains much very beautiful glass and
the lovely if inappropriate window-pictures of Sir Joshua Reynolds, must
have been in Wykeham's day, when it was adorned with a magnificent
reredos and "works of many colours," a thing of even greater beauty than
it now is. The chapels of Magdalen, All Souls' and Wadham were directly
imitated from it. But, with the hall, it suffered much at the hands of
Wyatt and Sir Gilbert Scott. The latter was also responsible for the
atrocious New Buildings. The proportions of the front quadrangle were
spoilt by the addition of a third story and the insertion of square
windows in the seventeenth century.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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