Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
"Three things," said Friar Albert, Minister General, "tended to the
exaltation of the Order--bare feet, coarse garments, and the rejecting
of money." At first the Oxford Franciscans were zealous in all those
respects. We hear of Adam Marsh refusing bags of gold that were sent
him; we hear of two of the brethren returning from a Chapter held at
Oxford at Christmas-time, singing as they picked their way along the
rugged path, over the frozen mud and rigid snow, whilst the blood lay in
the track of their naked feet, without their being conscious of it. Even
from the robbers and murderers who infested the woods near Oxford the
barefoot friars were safe.
But it was not long before they began to fall away from "the Rule," and
to accumulate both wealth and learning. Under the ministry of Agnellus
and his successor the tendency to acquire property was rigorously
suppressed, but under Haymo of Faversham (1238) a different spirit began
to prevail. Haymo preferred that "the friars should have ample areas and
should cultivate them, that they might have the fruits of the earth at
home, rather than beg them from others." And under his successor they
gained a large increase of territory. By a deed dated Nov. 22, 1244,
Henry III. granted them
"that they might enclose the street that lies under the wall from
the Watergate in S. Ebbe's to the little postern in the wall
towards the castle, but so that a wall with battlements, like to
the rest of the wall of Oxford, be made about the dwelling,
beginning at the west side of Watergate, and reaching southward to
the bank of the Thames, and extending along the bank westward as
far as the land of the Abbot of Bec in the parish of S. Bodhoc, and
then turning again to the northward till it joins with the old wall
of the borough, by the east side of the small postern." In 1245 he
made a further grant. "We have given the Friars Minor our island in
the Thames, which we bought of Henry, son of Henry Simeon, granting
them power to build a bridge over the arm of the Thames (Trill
stream) which runs between the island and their houses, and enclose
the island with a wall."
When it was completed, then, the Convent of the Grey Friars could
compare favourably with any convent or college in Oxford, except perhaps
S. Frideswide's or Osney. On the east side of it, where the main
entrance lay, at the junction of the present Littlegate Street and
Charles Street, was the road leading from Watergate to Preacher's
Bridge; on the South side, Trill Mill stream; on the West, the groves
and gardens of Paradise; on the North, as far as West-gate, ran the City
wall.
"Their buildings were stately and magnificent; their church large
and decent; and their refectory, cloister and libraries all
proportionable thereunto."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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