Oxford (England) -- History; University of Oxford -- History
In addition to the numerous parish churches and convents and colleges,
there were now innumerable smaller religious foundations in Oxford.
There was the House of Converts; there were several hospitals and
hermitages and "Ancherholds"--solitary little cells and cabins standing
in the fields and adjoining abbeys or parish churches.
[Illustration: Doorway, Rewley Abbey]
The House of Converts was founded by Henry III. (1234), and here "all
Jews and infidels converted to the Christian faith were ordained to have
sufficient maintenance." After the expulsion of the Jews and when the
number of converts began to fail, it was used as a Hall for scholars and
known as Cary's Inn. Later it was the magnificent old Inn, the Blue
Boar, which spanned the old south boundary of Little Jewry, Blue Boar,
Bear or Tresham Lane. The whole of its site is occupied by the modern
Town Hall.
The hospital of S. Bartholomew, which lay about half a mile to the east
of the city, was founded by Henry I. for leprous folk. It consisted of
one master, two healthful brethren, six lepers and a clerk. The chapel
and buildings were given in 1328 by Edward III. to Oriel College. In the
fourteenth century forty days' indulgence or pardon of sins was granted
by the Bishop of Lincoln to all who would pay their devotions at the
chapel of S. Bartholomew, on the feast of that saint, and give of their
charity to the leprous alms-folk. The result was that multitudes
resorted there, and the priests and poor people benefited considerably.
But after the Reformation the custom died out. Later, it was revived,
for charitable reasons, by the Fellows of New College. They changed the
day to May-day, and then
"after their grave and wonted manner, early in the morning, they
used to walk towards this place. They entered the chapel, which was
ready decked and adorned with the seasonable fruits of the year. A
lesson was read, and then the fellows sung a hymn or anthem of five
or six parts. Thereafter one by one they went up to the altar where
stood a certain vessel decked with Tuttyes, and therein offered a
piece of silver; which was afterwards divided among the poor men.
After leaving the chapel by paths strewn with flowers, they in the
open space, like the ancient Druids, the Apollinian offspring,
echoed and warbled out from the shady arbours harmonious melody,
consisting of several parts then most in fashion." And Wood adds
that "the youth of the city would come here every May-day with
their lords and ladies, garlands, fifes, flutes, and drums, to
acknowledge the coming in of the fruits of the year, or, as we may
say, to salute the great goddess Flora, and to attribute her all
praise with dancing and music."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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