Oxford and the Rhodes ScholarshipsScholz, R. F. (Richard Frederick)
History
Oxford and the Rhodes Scholarships
Scholz, R. F. (Richard Frederick)
Rhodes scholarships
Perhaps the most characteristic and salient feature of the Oxford system
is the personal tuition, the private and informal teaching, which each
College provides for its members. On admission to the College, the
newcomer is assigned to a Tutor under whose guidance and supervision he
is to pursue his studies, not only during Term-time at Oxford, but also
during the Vacations. The conscientious Tutor gets to know his protégé
intimately, his strong and his weak points; he can gauge accurately and
justly his qualities, capacities, and possibilities; he is in a position
to recognize and to provide for his particular needs. The personal
equation is here all-important. The strongest point in the system may
be at once the source of its greatest weakness. A few sober-minded,
persistent, and strenuous individuals may achieve moderate success
despite an incapable Tutor. On the other hand, a strong, sympathetic, and
conscientious Tutor may often work wonders with unpromising material.
[Sidenote: The method.]
An Oxford man ‘reads’ for his degree. This is characteristic. Much as
depends on the Tutor, in the last resort the student is dependent on
himself—on the ‘reading’ he does privately. The Tutor is merely an
adviser and a guide; there are disciplinary rules, to be sure; but there
are no final grades at the end of each Term’s work, and there is no
actual compulsion. A man may do much or he may do little—that will depend
entirely upon himself. This is ‘his business’, and so long as he conducts
himself properly, the Tutor has practically no means of constraint,
except to remind the student of the Damocles’ sword in the shape of the
University examinations. The whole system is based on individualism—on a
free and easy relationship between Tutor and taught. It is conscientious
individual effort under capable and sympathetic supervision that leads to
success in the final examinations—‘the Schools’. The Tutor advises the
student to attend certain lecture courses; he suggests certain books for
private reading, the result of which is generally embodied in the form
of an essay, or essays, to be read to the Tutor once or twice a week.
The Tutor makes his comments and criticisms, and an informal discussion
almost invariably follows, not always restricted to the subject in hand.
Whatever may be said of ‘reading for the Schools’, it is a powerful
factor and incentive in the cultivation of the reading habit, apart
from the literary atmosphere of Oxford, which of itself fosters general
reading for the sake of self-culture. Moreover, the academic year is very
short—less than six months. The Oxford man is therefore obliged to do the
bulk of his reading at home, during the Vacations which make up more than
half the year—a striking contrast to the American or German programmes.
The Tutor’s work and influence is not restricted to the eight weeks of
Term-time, so largely given up to the amenities of life. A certain amount
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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