demanded by Portugal, Spain, France, Parma, Naples and Malta, will always be remembered with respect. The pressure brought on the old Pope by half the kingdoms of Europe, which were governed directly or indirectly by the Bourbons, was not merely that of diplomacy. He was deprived of Avignon and the comté Venoisin in France, of Benevento in southern Italy; but to no purpose. The decree suppressing the order was only signed by his successor Clement XIV., Ganganelli, on July 21, 1773. Lorenzo Ricci died the following year, a state prisoner in the castle of S. Angelo. FOOTNOTES: [104] Garrucci has reproduced them in the _Storia dell' arte cristiana_, vol. ii. pl. 108-111. [105] Garrucci: _Vetri adornati di figure in oro._--Swoboda, quoted by De Waal in the _Römische Quartalschrift_, 1888, p. 135.--Armellini: _ibidem_, 1888, p. 130.--De Rossi: _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1864, p. ----; 1887, p. 130. [106] _Les tombeaux des papes romains._ Traduction Sabatier. Paris, 1859. [107] _Roma sotterranea_, i., p. 283. [108] The hypogæum, discovered in 1617, excavated and pillaged in 1780-81, has, through my exertions, become national property, together with the Columbaria of Hylas. [109] It contained the graves of Marcellus [Symbol: died] 308, Sylvester [Symbol: died] 385, Siricius [Symbol: died] 396, and Celestinus [Symbol: died] 422. [110] Dyer: _History of Rome_, p. 344. [111] See the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, edited by J. A. Giles, in Bohn's Antiquarian Library; and the excellent memoir of Domenico Tesoroni, _King Ceadwalla's Tomb in the Ancient Basilica of S. Peter_ (Rome, Bertero, 1891), from which I quote almost verbatim. [112] De Rossi: _Inscriptiones christianæ_, ii. p. 288. [113] Duchesne: _Lib. pontif_. ii. 258.--Marucchi: _Iscrizioni relative alla storia di Roma dal secolo V al XV_. (p. 74). Roma, 1881. [114] Barbier de Montault: _Revue archéologique_, xiv. 244.--Frothingham: _American Journal of Archæology_, 1891, p. 44.--De Rossi; _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1875, p. 29; 1891, p. 91.--Stevenson: _Mostra di Roma, all' esposizione di Torino_, 1884, p. 174.--Rohault de Fleury: _Le latran au moyen âge_ (planches 45, 46). Paris, 1877. [115] _Storia delle arti_, edizione Fea, vol. ii. p. 144. [116] Zizim died by poisoning, February 24, 1495, during the pontificate of Alexander VI., Borgia. [117] Published by Müntz, in the _Archivio storico dell' arte_, vol. iv., 1891, p. 366. [118] The question as to the birthplace of Christopher Columbus seems to have been finally settled in favor of Savona. Unquestionable evidence has been discovered on June 17 of the present year, by the Historical Society at Madrid. [119] Theodor Sprenger: _Roma Nova_, p. 232. Frankfort, 1660.--Caylus: in vol. xxv. of the _Mémoires de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres_.--Cancellieri: _Il mercato_, p. 42. [120] _Vita di Benvenuto Cellini_ lib. 1, xxxvi. CHAPTER VI. PAGAN CEMETERIES.