Cemeteries, pagan, 253-305; prehistoric cemeteries of the Viminal and the Esquiline, 254, 255; extensive cemeteries along the high roads, 260; on the Via Aurelia, 262; on the Via Triumphalis, 270; on the Via Salaria, 275; buried under twenty-five feet of earth, 284; on the Via Appia, 286; Christian cemeteries, 306-361; under the authority of the pontiffs, 307; underground cemeteries preferred by the early Christians, 308; their use revives after Constantine, 321, 323; at Concordia Sagittaria, 323, 324 (plate); suburban cemeteries abandoned on account of insecurity, 325. See also, _Catacombs_; _Columbaria_; _Tombs_; _Ustrinum_. Chartres, cathedral, labyrinth, 31. Christ, type of the early representations of, 347, 348 (cut and plate); early traditions of his appearance, 349. Christian archæology, dates from the discovery of the Catacombs, 329. Christian art, adoption of pagan symbolism, 23. Christianity, early patrician converts in Rome, 2; attitude of the government toward, 11; evidence of the _graffiti_ on, 12; difficulties and inconstancy of Christian converts, 14; mixed marriages, 15; friendly relations between pagans and Christians, 16; military service under the Empire, 18; the gradual change under Constantine, 20; spread of Christianity under Gregory the Great, 228; the persecutions under Nero and later emperors, 312. See also _Church_; _Churches_; _Martyrs_. Christians, at first identified with the Jews by the Romans, 310. Church, adoption of pagan rites and customs, 23; love-feasts, 42; public granaries, 44; flower festivals, 49; its simple origin, 109; adopted the institution of funeral colleges from the pagans, 117. Churches, objects of pagan art preserved in, 23, 26; pagan decorations not destroyed, 28; private contributions to the decoration of churches, 30; labyrinths in the pavements, 31; bathing accommodations, 37; sets of weights and measures in, 39, 41; the great number and variety of churches, 108; the names of churches, 109; private oratories, 109; the steps of the transition from private halls to regular churches, 114; the schola as a predecessor of the Christian church, 116; churches built over the tombs of martyrs and confessors, 119; frequently sunk in the ground, 120; those connected with the houses of confessors and martyrs, 158; those formed from pagan monuments, 160.