Popes, their portraits in the basilicas of Rome, 209; their tombs, 213. Porta Sanqualis, 104. Portico of the Argonauts, 99; of church of S. Paolo, 156; of the Danaids, 71, 80. Poseidonion. See _Temple of Neptune._ Præsens, Bruttius, 10. "Preaching of Peter," 124. Priscilla, wife of Abascantus, tomb of, 300. Pudens, 110; his house, 112, 114 (cut), 115 (cut). Pudens, L. Valerius, 282. Pyramids on the Via Triumphalis, 271. Quadragesima Sunday, 50. Quietus, Postumius, 9. Quindecemviri, call for the celebration of the Secular games, 75. Ravenna, church of S. Vitale, 31. Regilla, Annia, wife of Herodes Atticus, 290; her supposed tomb, 291 (cut). Renaissance, the interest in archæology, 101. Renzo di Maitano, 32. Rhodismos, 49. Ricci, Lorenzo, 252. Rienzi, 155; his funeral pyre, 179; his birthplace, 180. Robigalia, 165. Roma Quadrata, 70. Rome, its transformation to a Christian city, 1; early Christian buildings, 3; the freedom enjoyed by the church, 11; the change gradual, 19; evidences of it, 20; artistic feeling among the lower classes, 32; substitution of chapels and shrines for the aræ compitales, 33; monumental crosses, 35; warehouses, 44; the calamities of the year 605, 46; pagan shrines and temples, 51; capture by the Gauls, B. C. 390, 73; the conflagration under Nero, 83; occupation by the Saracens in 846, 149; the author's archæological map of, 163 n.; population under Augustus, 175; public improvements in his time, 176; the city in the time of Gregory the Great, 226; the charming surroundings of the city, 286; the invasions of the Goths in the 5th and 6th centuries, 324; the itineraries of pilgrims, 327. Rosaria, 48. Rosationes, 49. Rose, symbolism of, 49; the golden rose of Quadragesima Sunday, 50. Rossi, De, discovers the crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, 4; discovers tomb of Cornelius, 215; discovers a fresco in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, 356. Rousalia, 49. Rues de Jerusalem, 31. Rusalky, 49. Rusticus, Junius, 40. Sabinianus, Pope, sold the grain in the church's granaries, 47. Sabinus, Flavius, 337. Sacellum Sanci, 104. Sacrifices, right to perform, granted to civilians, 57; tariff for, 57. Saint-Omer, church at, labyrinth, 31. Sallust, gardens of, 276. Sancus, worship of, 104. Sannazzaro, tomb of, 25. Saracens in Rome, in 846, 149; defeated off Cape Circeo, by John VIII., 154. Sarcophagi of the Calpurnii, 279, 280 (cut); from the cemetery of Cyriaca, 352. Sarcophagus, of the empress Helena, 198 (plate); of S. Constantia, 198. Saturus, martyr, 49. Scholæ, 42, 116; that of the citizens of Serræ, 41: that above the Catacombs of Callixtus, 117, 118 (plan); transformation of the schola to the church, 118. Scirtus, charioteer, 260. Seasons, the four, in Christian art, 25. Secular games, the inscription describing them found in 1890, 73 (cut); origin of the games, 74; their celebration under Augustus, 78-82.