It is scarcely necessary to add that every form of baptism except submersion was borrowed from paganism; that faith in baptism as producing spiritual purity, and hence as a “saving ordinance,” was borrowed from paganism: the notion that only the baptized can be saved was borrowed from paganism; the use of oil, of spittle, of the sign of the cross, of lights, of white robes, is a remnant of paganism; baptising for the dead, and delaying baptism until near death, are a part of the pagan residuum; faith in water from the Jordan or elsewhere is paganism. The naming of children at baptism was a direct importation from paganism. In so far as any of these false elements are yet retained by Roman Catholics, Greeks, or Protestants, thus far does paganism dominate Christian thought and practice. FOOTNOTES: [126] _On Baptism_, Ante-Nicene Library, vol. xi., p. 231 ff. [127] _Epistle of Barnabas_, chap. xi., Ante-Nicene Library, vol. i., pp. 120, 121. [128] _First Apology_, ch. li., Ante-Nicene Library, vol. ii., p. 59. T. & T. Clark. [129] Numbering as found in vol. viii. of Ante-Nicene Library. Clark’s edition. [130] Vol. ii. of _Hippolytus and His Age_, page 236. [131] _Hippolytus and His Age_, by C. C. J. Bunsen, D.C.L., vol. ii., pp. 321-7. London, 1852. [132] _A Pilgrimage to Rome_, by Rev. M. Hobart Seymore, M.A., p. 537. London, 1848. [133] _History of the Corruption of Christianity_, by Joseph Priestley, LL.D., F.R.S., vol. ii., p. 111. Birmingham, 1782. [134] A letter from Rome, by Conyers Middleton, D.D., _Works_, vol. iii., p. 71 ff. London, 1752. [135] _Orations_, etc., p. 115. Oxford, 1755. [136] See _The Church Progress and Catholic World_, St. Louis, Mo., July 5, 1890. [137] _Pilgrimage_, etc., p. 527. [138] _Ibid._, p. 535. [139] Eusebius, _Ecc. Hist._, vi., x. This reference to Eusebius should be book x., chap. iv., p. 375 of vol. i. Christian Literature Company’s publications, second series. The description given by Eusebius shows that holy water played an important part in the Christian Church at Tyre, as early as 315 A.D. See also Bingham, _Antiquities_, book viii., chap. iii. The church buildings described by Eusebius and Bingham contained many prominent elements of sun-worship, associated with the water-worship emblems. [140] _Rome, Pagan and Papal_, by Mourant Brock, M.A., p. 107 ff. London, 1883. [141] Matt. iii., 11. [142] _The Two Babylons_, by Rev. Alexander Hislop, p. 142 ff., seventh edition, London. CHAPTER VII. PAGAN SUN-WORSHIP. Sun-Worship the Oldest and Most Widely Diffused Form of Paganism--Gnostic Antinomianism or Lawlessness--Anti-Judaism, Mainly of Pagan Origin--Anti-Sabbathism and Sunday Observance Synchronous--Anti-Lawism and Anti-Sabbathism Unscriptural--Christ’s Teachings Concerning the Law of God; Paul’s Teachings on the Same--Destructive Effect of Pagan Lawlessness on Christianity.