Nile, the river, regarded as highly sacred by the Egyptians, 88. O “Orientation,” the product of pagan sun-worship, 157, 257; defended by Clement of Alexandria, 266; explained and defended by Tertullian, 267. Osiris, regarded as the counterpart of Noah, 150. _Outlook, The_, quotations from, 208, 285. Ovid, describes water-worship and sun-worship at feast of “Pales,” 75; describes water-worship at temple of “Themis,” 76; describes Grecian baptism, 116; describes god Janus, 277 _f_. P Pagans, many baptized without conversion, 24; eminent ones as semi-Christians, 25. Paganism, not found in Catholic Church alone, 3, 143; some of its lowest forms mingled with Christianity, 6; “Oriental,” in early Christianity, 6; much, in Christianity before the “Papacy,” 18; in “Alexandrian” Christianity, 22; extent of, in early churches, 68; customs of, continued under Christian names, 210; employed various forms of baptism, 290; opposed Sabbath-keeping, 293. “Pales,” feast of, a combination of sun-worship and water-worship, 75. Paul, observed and upheld “the law,” 169, 170. Penance required for sins after baptism, 253; demanded by pagan theory of “baptismal regeneration,” 272. Persecution of Christians under Diocletian, 204. Perseus satirizes the pagan use of spittle as a “charm,” 124. Phallicism, associated with water-worship in India, 90; a department of sun-worship, 157. Philo blended Greek philosophy with O. T. exegesis, 40. Phœnix, fable of, used as a type of man’s resurrection, 59. Pilgrimages, made to sacred streams for salvation, 90. “Pistis-Sophia,” the gnostic gospel, 78. Pliny, the historian, describes virtue of spittle, and its use as a charm, 125 _f_. Potter, Rev. John, D. D., describes Grecian water-worship and purifications, 112. Poynder, John, quoted in “Pagano-Papismus,” 9. Prescott describes Aztec baptism, 109. Priestley, Dr. Joseph, on pagan origin of “holy water,” 141. Protestants, do not understand their relation to Catholicism, 2; work of, but fairly begun, 3. Protestantism, an unconscious reaction against paganism in Christianity, 282 _f_; has never wholly discarded “tradition,” 284; must accept Bible wholly or be overcome, 285; must act promptly to overcome loss already sustained, 285; cannot survive except on purely Biblical basis, 288. Psalms, “Fathers” made whole number of, a type of the “Trinity,” 57, 58; meaning of, perverted by gnostic allegorizing, 65. Purgatory, borrowed from paganism, 275. Purification, Greeks sought, by dipping and sprinkling, 115. Purity, spiritual, pagans sought, by bathing in sacred streams, 88 _f_. R Reformations begin when evils reach their lowest point, 283. Regeneration, baptismal, 87.