minaret, at Abu Dulaf, 156; at Baghdâd, 40; at Baṣrah, 148; at Iṣfahân, 41 n. 1; at Raqqah, 153, 154; at Sâmarrâ, 156; at Ṭâûq, 40; of Ghazni, 41; of Ibn Ṭulûn, 156. minbar, 146, 149, 150, 151. misr, 146, 148. Mohammadan art, 142. mortar, bitumen, 69, 96; clay, 96; gypsum, 12, 15, 44, 96. mosaic, 65, 147, 148. mosque, 16, 17, 20, 21, 26, 40, 86, 117, 132, 133, 141, 142, 144, 145-60, 168. moulding, 124, 125, 128, 133, 166; continuous, 133. N narthex, _see_ ṭarmah. niche, arched, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 24, 25, 34, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 76, 78, 122, 123, 124, 125, 130, 131, 133, 138, 139, 142, 154, 158; architraved, 40, 126; flanked by colonnettes, 13, 24, 25, 27, 28, 42, 52, 130, 131, 139, 140; in rectangular frame, 8, 34, 40, 76, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139. O oecus, 87. orientation of mosques, 150, 151. orthostatae, 62, 122, 123 n. 1, 124. ovolo, 29. P painting, Greek, 125. palace, Achaemenid, 62-4, 140; Assyrian, 93, 94, 124, 140; Babylonian, 93; Byzantine, 121; Greek, 89; Hittite, _see_ khilâni; Mohammadan, 84-7, 110-21, 168; Parthian, 65-72, 89, 90, 140; Roman, 121; Sasanian, 44-54, 73-81, 83, 84, 90-7, 118, 119, 120, 121. palmette, 141 n. 3; broken, 132; tree, 143. panel, 42, 122. pediment, 129, 139; broken, 125, 127, 128. pendentive, 42, 73, 111. peristyle, 65, 87, 99, 120, 136. pier, 12, 17, 18, 20, 24, 25, 29, 30, 33, 123, 127, 128, 152, 153, 158; heart-shaped, 46, 74. piers, clustered, 135, 156, 158. pilaster, 5, 6, 8, 34, 123, 126. plan, basilical, 111, 117, 142; change of, at Ukhaiḍir, 10, 33 n. 3, 60, 81; circular city, 107, 109; conjunctive, 89; disjunctive, 89; injunctive, 89, 90, 106, 120. plaster, _see_ stucco. plinth, 122, 128, 134. podium, 122, 123, 124, 125, 130; broken, 125, 127, 128. Porta Decumana, 98, 103. Porta Praetoria, 98, 103. Porta Principalis Dextra, 98. Porta Principalis Sinistra, 98. portcullis, 7, 10. portico, 58, 59, 126, 152. potsherds, mediaeval, 38, 56. Praetentura, 102. Praetorium, 72, 98, 99, 102, 103, 104, 120. prostas, 87. pylon-like wall, 130, 131. pylon tombs, 127, 128. Pyraetheia, 91. R ramp, 12, 14, 19, 21, 45, 46, 50, 80, 86. recess, _see_ niche. recessed calotte, 13; ornament, 18, 27, 34, 40, 133, 140; square containing circle, on mosques, 156. Retentura, 102. retreating angles, _see_ crémaillère. rinceaux, 141 n. 3. riwâq, arûqah, 17, 20, 58, 59, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160. rock-cut monuments, 72, 123, 126-30, 142. Roman camp, stockaded earthwork, 97, 99, 110; stone, 97, 99, 100-4; type, 98, 99, 103, 105, 106, 120, 121. Roman influence, 136, 137. Roman temple tomb, 127. roof, wooden, 144, 150, 152, 153, 156, 158. rosette, 17, 18, 27, 140. S sacellum, 98, 101, 103, 104. safâfîd, 149. ṣaḥn, 17, 20, 21, 23, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 159, 160.