Alkalis (_e.g._, ammonia, soda or potash).--Give dilute vinegar, followed by white of egg. Arsenic.--Emetic, followed by white of egg. Keep very warm. Carbolic.--Readily identified by smell of tar or carbolic. Wash mouth well with oil. Give an emetic. Chloral.--Emetic; warm coffee, and even an enema of coffee. Artificial respiration (_see_ Drowning) may be necessary if breathing gets very low. Chloroform or Ether (inhaled).--Fresh air. Pull tongue forward, and begin artificial respiration. If heart has stopped, strike chest two or three times over region of heart. Chloroform or Ether (swallowed).--Emetic; enema of hot coffee; keep awake. If necessary, artificial respiration. Copper.--Emetic, white of egg to follow. Laudanum.--There is intense drowsiness and contraction of pupils of eye. Give an emetic and plenty of strong coffee. Walk patient up and down. On no account allow him to give way to the desire for sleep. Mineral Acids and Glacial Acetic.--If any neutralising agent, such, _e.g._, as lime, chalk, soda, or calcined magnesia, is at hand, give it at once. Or give an emetic, followed by oil or milk and water. Mushrooms.--Emetic; castor oil and enema. Nicotine (tobacco).--Emetic; stimulate and keep warm; keep patient lying down. Oxalic Acid.--Neutralise by chalk or lime water, but not by soda or any alkali. Give plenty of water; apply hot fomentations to loins. Phosphorus.--Often caused by children sucking matches. There is a burning in the throat, and often vomiting. Give an emetic. After this some barley water or milk may be given. Prussic Acid.--Almost hopeless. Emetic; artificial respiration. Snake Bite.--Suck the wound, and apply a drop or two of strong ammonia to the bite. Ammonia may be also inhaled. Artificial respiration often necessary. Strychnine.--Emetic; keep quiet and darken the room. Chloral or bromide of potassium may be given. If spasms threaten respiration, artificial respiration is necessary. Tartar Emetic or other Antimonial Poisons.--If vomiting is not present, induce it by an emetic. Give doses of strong tea. Keep very warm by hot blankets. Good domestic emetics are a teaspoonful of mustard in a tumblerful of water, or a tablespoonful of salt in the same quantity of water.