Ears, Singing in the.--Partial deafness is often accompanied by noises in the ear, which are very annoying. This is caused by the internal state of the ear, and is often due especially to the state of the aural nerve. Similar noises are heard also when we place our fingers in our ears, or when we hold a shell or hollow vessel against one of them. In the latter case, what we hear is the rush of blood in the vessels of the ear. In this way, singing in the ears often arises in the course of the treatment recommended in the last article for running ears. If it become too loud, a cessation of the heating at the back of the head, and a brief cooling application, will relieve it. Therefore, in such cases, it is well to use COOLING IN HEATING (_see_). Eczema.--Skin eruptions, known under this name, have very various causes. Treatment must vary accordingly. Where the cause is a failure of the skin to act properly, the _whole_ skin of the body, especially the chest and back, will be dry and hard. In this case apply SOAPY BLANKETS (_see_). If the soapy blanket be too severe on the patient, then apply general lathering with M'Clinton's Soap. Use a badger's-hair shaving brush, and have the lather like whipped cream with _no free water_ along with it. We have known a few of these applications cure a case of long standing. Where general debility is present, along with the disease, use all means to increase the patient's vitality. Simple diet is best (_see_ Diet, Saltcoats' Biscuits, Barley, Assimilation, Digestion), and abundance of fresh air, within and without the house, by night and by day. Where the disease results from a parasite, some ointment should be used, and is best applied under the immediate direction of a specialist in Diseases of the Skin. Elbow Joint.--See Armpit Swelling and Bone.