Tolstoy, L., on Art, 236 _sqq._ Tree, response of roots and shoots to mutilation in, 119 Uexküll, J. v., 13 Unity of nature, 17, 157 Useless structures, 103 _note_ Utilitarian school of ethics, 200, 229, _Appendices C & E_ Variations, in reproduction cells, 73, 75; do chance variations afford basis for selection? 92, 94 _sqq._ Verworn, Max, 27 _note_, 148 _Viola_, 140 Virchow, R., 45 _note_ Viré, A., 72 _note_ _Volvox_, 49 Wagner, R., 272 Wallace, A. R., 105, 125 _note_, 175 Watch, Paley’s analogy of, 1 _sqq._ Weed, in New Zealand, destroyed by willows, 105 Weismann, A., 7 _note_, 34, 48, 61, 63; controversy with Spencer, 87; his alternative to Lamarckism, 93; his determinants equivalent to Reinke’s dominants, 122 Whale, evolution of, 67 Whitman, Walt, 160, 196, 237, 250 _note_ Whole, the, its demands on the individual, 220; what it gives to the individual, 225; the universe a, 17; a whole more than the sum of its parts, 119 _note_; consciousness, etc., of the, 157 Wilson, E. B., 33, 38 _notes_, 41, 50, 55, 119 _note_ Wöhler, 24 Wordsworth, W., 249 _X_ factor in life, 1; directive character of, 63, 113, 116, 128. See Adaptation, Intelligence, Language Zola, E., 248 PRINTED BY WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD. PLYMOUTH _“A model of what a scientific work for the general public ought to be.”_ LIFE AND EVOLUTION BY F. W. HEADLEY, F.Z.S. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, 8s. net. _Extract from Preface._—“Everything has been done, by means of headings to sections, references to pages in the table of contents, and a fairly complete index, to make it easy to find one’s way about in the book.” CHAPTER I. Plants and Animals. II. The Sea and its Inhabitants. III. Gills and Lungs. IV. Reptiles and their Kin. V. From a Reptile to a Bird. VI. The Flight of Birds. VII. The Minds of Men and Animals. VIII. The Struggle for Existence. IX. Natural Selection. _These are the headings to the chapters, but each chapter is subdivided into a number of sections, with marginal references, so as to make the book of value as a work of reference._ _Lancet._—“We consider this small book with its big title extremely well done.” _Tribune._—“The book is remarkable for its extreme lucidity. It is alluring and instructive, and is supplemented by a set of illustrations which correspond in every way to the merits of the text.” _Guardian._—“These interesting questions are dealt with by one who understands them, and has investigated many of them experimentally in a lucid, almost conversational style, but in good and attractive English, so that we can heartily recommend this volume to all who desire to learn something of what evolution really means, but are deterred by the technicalities of text-books.”