Hooker encountered them in the Himalayas, and they are common in China, Japan, Java (_S. Javonica_, Wahlberg), and other eastern parts. They likewise abound in Brazil and Chili. The American leeches for the most part belong to the genus Hæmenteria (_H. Mexicana_, _H. officinalis_, and _H. Ghiliani_, Filippi). The last named is common in Brazil, the other two being Mexican forms. Another species, which is blind, has been found in Brazil by F. Müller (_Cyclobdella lumbricoides_). Not only the above-named species, but also many other kinds of leeches are in the habit of attacking man and the domestic animals, but the subject is too extended and special to be fully dealt with in this work. Almost a legion of species are known as externally parasitic upon Fishes, Chelonian and Batrachian reptiles, Crustaceans, and Echinoderms. BIBLIOGRAPHY (No. 36).--_Blainville_, ‘Dict. des Sci. Nat.,’ tom. xlvii, p. 257.--_Brandt_ (und _Ratzeburg_), ‘Medicin. Zoologie,’ Bd. ii.--_Brightwell_, ‘Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,’ ix, 1842.--_Diesing_, ‘Syst.,’ vol. i, p. 465, and “Revis. der Myzelminth. (Abth. Bdellideen),” in ‘Sitzungsb. der math.-nat. Cl. d. k. Akad. der Wissensch.,’ Bd. xxxiii, s. 473.--_Ebrard_, ‘Compt. Rend.,’ 1856, p. 1012.--_Idem_, ‘Monogr. des sangues Méd.,’ 1857.--_Filippi, De_, ‘Mem. Accad., &c., Torino,’ and in ‘S. und K. Zeitsch.,’ 1829.--_Idem_, “Nuovo genere,” &c., in ‘Gaz. Med. Lombard,’ 1849.--_Grube_, ‘Fam. d. Annelid.,’ s. 109.--_Hofmeister_, in ‘Burmeister’s Zeitung für Zool.,’ 1848.--_Johnson_, ‘Treatise on the Medicinal Leech.’--_Leuckart_, l. c., Bd. ii, s. 634-739 (with many refs.)--_Leydig_ (“Anat.”), ‘S. und K. Zeitsch.,’ Bd. i.--_Moquin-Tandon_, ‘Monogr. de la fam. des Hirudinées,’ 1846.--_Idem_, in his ‘Medical Zoology’ (Hulme’s edit.), 1861, p. 137.--_Müller, F._, in ‘Archiv f. Naturg.,’ 1846.--_Pereira_, in his ‘Materia Med.,’ vol. ii, p. 2197, 1853.--_Savigny_, ‘Descript. de l’Egypte,’ 2nd edit.--_Idem_, ‘Syst. des Annélides,’ 1820.--_Schmarda_, ‘Neue wirbell. Thiere,’ Bd. i (quoted by Leuckart).--_Virey_ (and _Serullas_), in ‘Journ. Pharm.,’ 1829, p. 614.--_Wagener_, in ‘Troschel’s Archiv,’ 1858, Bd. i, s. 244 _et seq._--_Wahlberg_, in ‘Œfvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhand.,’ Stockholm, 1855. SECTION IV.--PART III.--ARACHNIDA (Pentastomes, Mites, Ticks). The Trachearian division of the Arachnida comprises a few internal parasites that attack man, and many ectozoa which are parasitic upon man and animals. The species can only be noticed very briefly.