To return to Pellizzari’s researches, one of the most important questions is that which relates to the prevalence of tapeworm. In this connection he first brings forward some very interesting and instructive data that had been previously communicated to the Medico-Physical Academy of Florence by Professor Marchi. On the occasion referred to Marchi had stated that, out of thirty-five Tæniæ which he had examined, only one belonged to the species known as _Tænia solium_; all the other thirty-four being of the unarmed type, or _Tænia mediocanellata_. Reflecting on this striking fact, and also on the circumstance that he had in vain begged his colleagues to send him specimens of _Tænia solium_, Marchi seems to have missed the very palpable explanation of this otherwise strange phenomenon. “How does it happen,” exclaimed Marchi, “that, notwithstanding the occurrence of 13,000 kilogrammes of the flesh of measled hogs in the public butcheries, I have seen but one specimen of _Tænia solium_, whilst thirty-four cannot have originated from the pig?” “The wherefore is obvious enough,” replies Pellizzari, “because our hygienic regulations demand that the flesh of the hogs be raised to a temperature of 60° Cent. (140° Fahr.);” and he then himself immediately proceeds to ask another question, namely, as to how it happens that the _Tænia solium_ is so frequently seen in other places. To his own question Pellizzari responds by remarking--(1) that there are not so many precautions (of a sanitary kind) taken in other places; and (2) that the people elsewhere consume more slightly salted or uncooked meat, as sausages and so forth (_come salame giovane, salciccia e via dicendo_). Pellizzari, having explained that Marchi’s thirty-four tapeworms must all have arisen from the consumption of the Cysticercus of the ox, then goes on to speak of the prevalence of tapeworm in Florence, even in little children. This last-named feature, he says, is due to the circumstance that raw meat is frequently employed as a restorative (_come cura ricostituente_). “Thirty years ago,” remarks Professor Pellizzari, “it was just as difficult to find a single _Tænia mediocanellata_ as it is now easy to find a great number of these worms; and all because it is nowadays customary to eat the flesh of the ox either insufficiently cooked or raw. This absolute inversion of the facts of the case affords proof of the correctness of the position sustained by me, to the effect that the cooking of meat up to the degree of temperature necessary for ebullition ensures the destruction of the Cysticerci.” Notwithstanding this statement of his own, Pellizzari thinks that the interference of inspectors may be pushed too far, and thus serve to bring about the very disasters which it should be their supreme object to prevent. Thus, he argues against the suggestions of those who would entirely prevent the sale of measly meat, and who would