Parish life in mediæval EnglandGasquet, Francis Aidan
History
Parish life in mediæval England
Gasquet, Francis Aidan
England -- Church history -- 1066-1485; England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485
This position of vicars only requires to be illustrated here very
briefly. In 1322, Bishop Rigaud de Asserio, of Winchester, settled the
means of support and the duties of the Vicar of Romsey, as between him
and the abbess and convent. Every day the vicar was to have from the
abbey two corrodies equal to what two nuns had. He was to take the
tithes on flax, on hemp, and on fifteen other products of the soil; he
was to have all funeral dues, and all legacies of dead people, except
those specifically left for the repair, etc., of chancel; he was also
to have certain lands to work for his own purposes, and to take all
oblations made in the church. On the other hand, besides his ordinary
duties, he was to pay all ecclesiastical dues and taxes; to find all
books and ornaments of the church, and to repair and maintain them, as
well also as to keep up and repair the entire chancel of the church. To
take another case: the monks of Glastonbury, the impropriators of the
parish of Doulting, in Somerset, received £18 a year in the sixteenth
century from their portion of the impropriated tithe. Their vicar at
the same time, with the duty of looking after the annexed chapels, took
£43.
The mode of institution for a vicar was very much that of a rector. He
was appointed by the impropriator of the living, acting as patron, and
he had to receive the assent of the bishop of the diocese. By a statute
of Cardinal Otho, confirming the practice of the English Church, “no
one could be appointed to a vicarage unless he were a priest, or a
deacon ready to be ordained a priest at the next _Quatuor temporum_
ordination.” On his appointment, he had to surrender every other
ecclesiastical benefice, and to take an oath that he would reside
continually in his vicarage, so that any absence beyond the space of
three weeks was unlawful.
The above legislation, of course, regarded only what were known as
_perpetual vicars_--those, namely, that were appointed to impropriated
livings with a tenure of office similar to that of rectors. The author
of the gloss on the Constitution of Otho notes that in England there
were really four kinds of vicars, or four classes of priests who were
accounted or known as vicars: (1) those who for a stipend took the
cures of rectors, or of perpetual vicars, temporarily, and at the will
of those who engaged them--these did not require the licence of the
bishop, unless under special diocesan law; (2) those sent by the Pope,
etc., to certain parts of the world were called vicars; (3) vicars
appointed by the bishops, and known as _vicars-general_; and (4) the
_perpetual vicars_ of churches, instituted to the cure of souls by the
bishop, and by his licence installed--these were most properly called
vicars.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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