Parish life in mediæval EnglandGasquet, Francis Aidan
History
Parish life in mediæval England
Gasquet, Francis Aidan
England -- Church history -- 1066-1485; England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485
According to early legislation, the churchwardens had to present their
settlement in writing to a committee of the parishioners, who were to
be appointed by the parsons for the purpose, and these accounts were
to be handed to the archdeacons at the time of their visitations.
Thus Bishop Quevil, in the Synod of Exeter, in 1287, declares that
the inventories of all that belonged to the church should be made
yearly by the wardens and produced before the rectors, vicars, or, at
any rate, the parish chaplains, and that such property should on no
account be used for other purposes. Also, that whatever was given for a
definite purpose, such as a light in the church, etc., must not be used
for anything else.
Property, in greater or lesser amounts, houses, lands, cattle, and
rich hangings, etc., were constantly being left by will, or otherwise
given to the churchwardens as trustees for the parish. The Yarmouth
wills of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries contain bequests to
particular altars and lights in St. Nicholas’s Church. Jeffery Wyth,
for example, in 1302 gave 5_s._ “for maintaining a lamp continually
burning before the great crucifix.” Richard Fastalfe, by his will made
in 1356, gave a tenement to St. Mary’s light in the same church. In
1490 Thomas Pound directed his executors “to supply a lamp with oil
burning day and night,” and five wax candles standing “about the lamp
before the Most Holy, or High Altar, to the honour of the Sacrament in
the time of Divine Service, as the said Thomas in his lifetime had used
to do, to continue for ever.” In the same way, in 1486, Rose Wrytell,
a parishioner of St. Mary-at-Hill, left to the churchwardens, as
trustees, certain houses to find the stipend for a chantry priest, who
was to be appointed by the parishioners, and who was to assist at all
the services.
The churchwardens frequently had considerable responsibility in regard
to their office, and if they did not get more frequently into serious
financial difficulties than they apparently did, it was owing to the
cordial way in which the parish generally supported their endeavours
to serve them. In St. Peter Cheap, in London, the churchwardens held
a good deal of property as trustees. They embarked on “making and
finishing our vestry” in 1475, and the names of those contributing to
the work cover a whole page. We find them repairing and decorating
chantries; employing a priest to serve; making the priests’ chambers in
Cock Alley, where, apparently, the parson and the chantry priests dwelt
in common; engaging in organ making and paying for a player and for
“the readers of the Passion” on Palm Sunday. The “Morrow Mass” priest,
whose duty it was to say Mass every day at six o’clock, was paid for by
the wardens on behalf of the parish, as well as a clerk to serve his
Mass.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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