Parish life in mediæval EnglandGasquet, Francis Aidan
History
Parish life in mediæval England
Gasquet, Francis Aidan
England -- Church history -- 1066-1485; England -- Social life and customs -- 1066-1485
Another remarkable custom, which seems to have been no novelty in the
middle of the fifteenth century, was the use of a chime barrel set
with the tune of the _Requiem æternam_, the Introit of the Mass for
the dead. This, as it only ranged over five notes, was easily managed,
and the instrument was wheeled throughout the town, grinding out this
lament for some departed inhabitant. The John Baret named above makes
special arrangements for this to be done at Bury on his decease, for
thirty days after, and during the following Lent-time.
Of people employed at various times and for diverse purposes by the
parish, there were a great many about whom very little need be said.
Over and above masons and carpenters and women to wash surplices and
albs and repair vestments, who may be called regular employees, the
accounts of the churchwardens show that many others were, from time to
time, paid by the parish funds. One of the most regular, naturally,
when lights were so much used, was the _Candlemaker_, who apparently
travelled about from place to place exercising his art. At Cowfield, in
Sussex, for instance, in the years 1471-85, the churchwardens’ payments
for candlemaking were at regular intervals, and besides finding the
wax and the wages, the wardens supplied also the board and lodging
for the master workman. At Great St. Mary’s, Cambridge, the wardens,
in 1537, bought 35 lbs. of wax, at 7_d._ a pound, “for the Sepulchre
and Roode lyghtes;” they paid 5_s._ for making it up, and 2_s._
3½_d._ “for a dinner at the making.” At St. Mary-at-Hill, London,
“Roger Middelton, wax channdeler,” was paid “for makyng of the said
ryeve loen (92 lbs.) and olde wax, made in tapris for the Bemelight
and other tapris, prickettes, and tenebre candilles, for every lb. a
half-penny--11 shilling 9_d._”
In the same way parishes employed travelling bookmakers, that is,
scribes and bookbinders and illuminators. Thus, as an instance, at the
beginning of the fifteenth century, the wardens of St. Augustine’s
Church, at Hedon, in the East Riding, paid 10_s._ 8_d._ for parchment
to make a book; to Adam Skelton, a scribe, for writing it, 4_d._; to
“John Payntor for a picture, 10_s._,” and 6_d._ for the breakfasts of
the scribes. There is evidence that sometimes the curate of a parish
acted as a scribe, and received a fee for so doing; sometimes clerics
at other places were employed, as a clerk at the Almonry at Canterbury,
who wrote a book for the church of St. Dunstan in that city.
The same applies also to the _Bookbinder_, who used to ply his trade
from place to place, repairing the old and making new bindings for new
and old manuscript service and music books. So too the same evidence of
the accounts of churchwardens shows the _Painter_, the _Carver_, the
_Silversmith_, the _Gilder_, and the _Tinker_ constantly at work in
various places, according to the needs and means and enterprise of the
English parochial authorities.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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