142 Adolf Harnack, _Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte,_ 4th ed., vol. i., 1909, 826 pp. On Paul, pp. 96-107 (3rd ed., 1893). 143 Reinhold Seeberg, _Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte,_ 2nd ed., vol i., 1908, 570 pp. On Paul, 68-78. The first circle of ideas embraces the thoughts regarding flesh and spirit, the power of grace and the strength of sin, Christ and the new creation; the second consists of the formulas which were created in opposition to Jewish Christianity; the third has to do with the mystical body of Christ, in which the natural distinctions between men are abolished. On points of detail there are many discriminating observations. The first edition, of 1895, did not even contain any section on Paul. The 4th ed. of Loofs’ _Dogmengeschichte_ (1906, vol. i., 576 pp.) does not deal with the Apostle of the Gentiles, any more than the preceding editions. 144 On Kabisch see above, pp. 58-63. 145 A sifting and a survey of results is offered in the closing chapter, “Das religionsgeschichtliche Problem” (448-493) in Bousset’s book, _Die Religion des Judentums im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter,_ 1903 (“The Religion of Judaism in New Testament Times”). NOTES FOR CHAPTER VII PAULINISM AND COMPARATIVE RELIGION 146 Hermann Usener, _Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen: “Das Weihnachtsfest”_ (1889, 337 pp.); _“Die Sintflutsagen”_ (1899, 276 pp.) (“Studies in Comparative Religion, ‘Christmas,’ 1889. ‘The Flood-legends,’ 1899”). Other works which played an important part in creating the new horizon were Albrecht Dieterich’s works on Comparative Religion, _Abraxas_ (1891, 221 pp. On a Hellenistic myth of the Creation, and Judaeo-Orphico-Gnostic cults) and _Nekyia,_ contributions to the explanation of the “Apocalypse of Peter” (1893, 238 pp.). The description of the torments of hell in the Akhmim fragment is based, he thinks, not on Jewish eschatology, but on conceptions which are found in the Orphic literature. 147 _Les Religions orientales dans le paganisme romain,_ 1st ed., 1906; 2nd ed., 1909, 427 pp. Based on Lectures delivered in the year 1905 in the Collège de France. We may note also some of the essays in Salomon Reinach’s _Cultes, mythes et religions,_ 3 vols., 1905-1906-1908 (466, 466, and 537 pp.). Otto Gruppe, _Die griechischen Kulte und Mythen in ihrer Beziehung zu den orientalischen Religionen_ (“Greek cults and Myths in their relation to the Oriental Religions”), vol. i., 1887, 706 pp.; and _Griechische Mythologie und Religionsgeschichte_ (“Greek Mythology and the History of Greek Religions”). In Iwan Müller’s _Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft_ (“Handbook of Classical Antiquities”), 1906, 2 vols., embracing 1923 pp. Georg Mau. _Die Religionsphilosophie Kaiser Julians in seinen Reden auf König Helios und die Göttermutter_ (“The Emperor Julian’s Philosophy of Religion in his Orations on King Helios and the Dea Mater”), 1908, 169 pp. In the appendix there is a German translation of both discourses.