Any one who shares his premisses must also draw his conclusions, and Holtzmann is not bold enough to do that. He agrees with him in asserting the Hellenic character of Pauline doctrine, in other respects he bows to the facts of the history of dogma. But this means that, however he may wrap it up in qualifying clauses, he is asserting the impossible, namely, that Christianity [pg 116] as Hellenised by Paul remained uninteresting and unintelligible to the Greeks. The edifice which he constructs, therefore, breaks down from within, even though he may be able for a time to maintain it in outward appearance intact. Thus there met in this universal critical spirit, which examined all things and desired to do justice to all, Baur and the history of dogma which took its rise from Ritschl and was opposed to Baur, and held a new settlement of accounts. Once more it was made manifest that the question of Paul’s relation to primitive Christianity on the one hand, to early Greek dogma on the other, had not been solved, and that his teaching therefore had not been understood. [pg 117] V CRITICAL QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES _Edward Evanson._ The Dissonance of the four generally received Evangelists. (1792.) _Bruno Bauer._ Kritik der Apostelgeschichte (1850). Kritik der paulinischen Briefe (Galatians, 1850; I Corinthians, 1851; remaining Epistles, 1852). Christus und die Cäsaren. Der Ursprung des Christentums aus dem römischen Griechentum (1877). (Christ and the Caesars. How Christianity arose out of the Graeco-Roman Civilisation.) _Albert Kalthoff._ Die Entstehung des Christentums. 1904. (E.T. by J. McCabe, The Rise of Christianity, 1907.) __Allard Pierson.__ De Bergrede en andere synoptische Fragmenten. (The Sermon on the Mount and other Synoptic Fragments.) 1878. _A. Pierson and S. A. Naber._ Verisimilia. 1886. _A. D. Loman._ Quaestiones Paulinae. (Theol. Tijdschrift, 1882; 1883; 1886—written in Dutch.) _Rudolf Steck._ Der Galaterbrief. 1888. _W. C. van Manen._ Paulus, 3 vols. Vol. i. deals with the Acts of the Apostles (1890); vol. ii. with the Epistle to the Romans (1891); vol. iii. with the Epistles to the Corinthians (1896). The criticism of the Epistle to the Romans has been translated into German under the title “Die Unechtheit des Römerbriefs,” by G. Schläger. 1906. _M. Friedländer._ Das Judentum in der vorchristlichen griechischen Welt. (Judaism in the pre-Christian Greek World.) 1897. _J. Friedrich (Maehliss)._ Die Unechtheit des Galaterbriefs. (The Spuriousness of the Epistle to the Galatians.) 1891. _J. H. Scholten._ Historisch-kritische Bijdragen. (Contributions to Historical Criticism.) 1882. _G. Heinrici._ Die Forschungen über die paulinischen Briefe; ihr gegenwärtiger Stand und ihre Aufgaben. (The Critical Study of the Pauline Letters; its Present Position, and the Tasks which await it.) 1886.