Pausanias' description of Greece, Volume II.Pausanias, active approximately 150-175
History
Pausanias' description of Greece, Volume II.
Pausanias, active approximately 150-175
Greece -- Antiquities; Greece -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800
As you go on from thence you will come to the Cross-roads, where
they say Œdipus murdered his father.[91] There are records indeed of
the woes of Œdipus in all parts of Greece. So it seems it was fated.
For directly he was born they pierced his ankles, and exposed him on
Mount Cithæron in Platæa. He was brought up at Corinth and the country
near the Isthmus. And Phocis and the Cross-roads here were polluted
by his father’s blood. Thebes has attained even more celebrity from
the marriage of Œdipus and the injustice of Eteocles. To Œdipus the
Cross-roads here and his bloody deed there caused all his subsequent
woes, and the tombs of Laius and his attendant are in the very middle
of the place where the 3 roads meet, and there are unhewn stones
heaped up on them. They say that Damasistratus, who was king of Platæa,
came across their corpses and buried them.
The high-road from here to Delphi is very steep, and rather difficult
even for a well-equipped traveller. Many varying legends are told
about Delphi, and still more about the oracle of Apollo. For they say
that in the most ancient times it was the oracle of Earth, and that
Earth appointed as priestess of her oracle Daphnis, who was one of the
Mountain Nymphs. And the Greeks have a poem called Eumolpia, the author
of which was they say Musæus the son of Antiophemus. In this poem
Delphi is represented as a joint oracle of Poseidon and Earth, and we
read that Earth delivered her own oracles, but Poseidon employed Pyrcon
as his interpreter. These are the lines:
“Forthwith Earth uttered forth oracular wisdom,
And with her Pyrcon, famed Poseidon’s priest.”
But afterwards they say Earth gave her share to Themis, and Apollo
received it from Themis: and he they say gave Poseidon for his share in
the oracle Calauria near Trœzen. I have also heard of some shepherds
meeting with the oracle, and becoming inspired by the vapour, and
prophesying through Apollo. But the greatest and most widespread fame
attaches to Phemonoe, who was the first priestess of Apollo, and the
first who recited the oracles in hexameters. But Bœo, a Phocian woman
who composed a Hymn for Delphi, says that the oracle was set up to the
god by Olen and some others that came from the Hyperboreans, and that
Olen was the first who delivered oracles and in hexameters. Bœo has
written the following lines,
“Here Pegasus and divine Aguieus, sons of the Hyperboreans, raised to
thy memory an oracle.”
And enumerating other Hyperboreans she mentions at the end of her Hymn
Olen,
“And Olen who was Phœbus’ first prophet,
And first to put in verse the ancient oracles.”
Tradition however makes women the first utterers of the oracles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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