We may take comfort in the course of evolution; in that the violently mad (employing the word in a wide and general sense) are no longer exorcised and tormented; in that the eccentrically mad are no longer burned and tortured for what was imagined against them; in that the weak-minded and the partially deranged are being considered, with a view to their segregation in special places apart from healthy offenders; in that innate and absolute abnormality of emotions has been established by the specialists upon overwhelming evidence; and that the knowledge of this is quietly spreading, and being recognised and admitted among educated people, throughout the civilised world. THE END _Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOOTNOTES FOR ALL CHAPTERS ----- Footnote 1: “In the early cuneiform writing ... the symbol for a prison is a combination of the symbols for ‘house’ and ‘darkness.’”—Isaac Taylor, _History of the Alphabet_, p. 21. London, 1899. Footnote 2: It has been said that imprisonment is not mentioned in Anglo-Saxon laws as a punishment; it is, however, referred to in the laws of Æthelstan thus: “For murder let a man forfeit his life, if he will deny it and appear guilty at the threefold ordeal let him be 120 nights in prison; afterwards let his relations take him out and pay the king 120 shillings and to his relatives the price of his blood....” See J. Johnson, _Ecclesiastical Laws_. London, 1720. The same king ordained that “If a thief be brought into prison that he be 40 days in prison and then let him be released thereout with cxx. shillings and let his kindred enter into borh for him that he will ever more desist.”—B. Thorpe, _Ancient Laws and Institutions of England_, fol. ed. p. 85. London, 1840. Footnote 3: “In the reign of Henry III. imprisonment for a definite period was an unknown punishment.”—G. J. Turner, _Select Pleas of the Forest_, p. lxv. London, 1901. Footnote 4: “Imprisonment occurs in the Anglo-Saxon Laws only as a means of temporary security.”—Pollock and Maitland, _Hist. Eng. Law_, vol. i. p. 26. Cambridge, 1895. Footnote 5: “In the nature of the Saxons in the most ancient times there existed neither a knowledge of the most high and heavenly King ... nor any dignity of honour of any earthly king....”—W. Stubbs, _Const. Hist._ p. 49. Oxford, 1880. Footnote 6: _Ibid._ p. 75. Footnote 7: “Nihil neque publicae neque privatae rei nisi armati agunt.”—Tac. _Germ._ xiii. Footnote 8: Among the Jutes, etc., see J. M. Lappenberg, _Hist. of Eng. under the Anglo-Saxon Kings_, i. p. 97. London, 1845. The Anglo-Saxon lad came of age at twelve; see work just quoted, p. 173, and J. Thrupp, _The Anglo-Saxon Home_, p. 108. London, 1862. Footnote 9: