By the Assize of Northampton. See Stubbs, _Const. Hist._ i. p. 545. Footnote 115: 2 Hen. III., Carta de Foresta; and also 9 Hen. III. c. 10: “No man henceforth shall lose either life or member for killing our deer.” Footnote 116: _Sax. Chron._, Ingram’s ed. p. 266. _Ibid._ p. 295. _Mirror of Justice_, Whittaker’s ed. p. 141. Footnote 117: J. C. Robertson, _Materials for the History of Thomas Becket_, vol. i. p. 156. London, 1875. Referred to by Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, i. p. 79. Footnote 118: _Hist. Eng. Law_, ii. p. 515. Footnote 119: _Ibid._ ii. p. 516. Footnote 120: For example, a fine of one mark (13_s._ 4_d._) for rape. Footnote 121: See _Mirror of Justice_, Whittaker’s ed., Introduction, pp. xxiv., xxxv., and 1st ed. iii. c. 7. Holdsworth, _Hist. Eng. Law_, p. 39. W. Page, _Early Assize Rolls_, p. xx. Footnote 122: Of robbery by the judges, see Lingard, _Hist._ ii. p. 217. Footnote 123: For instance, at Northampton in 1323; see Coulton, _Chaucer and his England_, p. 284. Footnote 124: Pike, _Hist. Crime_, i. p. 288. Footnote 125: Riley’s ed. p. 448. Footnote 126: See Pike, _Hist. Crime_, i. p. 427. Footnote 127: Maitland, _Const. Hist._ p. 221, ed. 1908. Footnote 128: 22 Hen. VIII. c. 9. Footnote 129: W. Besant, _Tudors_, p. 380. London, 1904; and see 25 Hen. VIII. c. 14. Footnote 130: J. F. Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, p. 477. Footnote 131: A man was boiled to death in 1531; a woman was burnt in 1571, and in 1575.—Holinshed, _Chron._ pp. 926, 1226, 1262. Footnote 132: Besant, _Tudors_, p. 379. Footnote 133: J. F. Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, p. 468. Footnote 134: Besant, _Tudors_, p. 380. Footnote 135: W. Andrews, _Old-Time Punishments_, p. 92. Footnote 136: Henry Brinklow’s _Complaynt of Roderwyck Mors_, J. M. Cowper’s ed. London, E. E. T. Society, 1874. Footnote 137: See Holinshed, _Chronicles_, pp. 1081, 1082. J. Wilkes, _Enc. Londinensis_, iii. p. 891. London, 1810. E. C. S. Gibson, _Life of John Howard_, p. 47. London, 1901. Footnote 138: See Besant, _Tudors_, p. 387. Footnote 139: 39 Eliz. 4 and 5. Footnote 140: 7 Jac. I. c. 4. Footnote 141: Departmental Committee on Prisons. _Minutes of Evidence_, Appendix ii. p. 457. London, 1895. Footnote 142: As very early in the sixteenth century; see 19 Hen. VII. c. 10. Footnote 143: See John Brown, _John Bunyan, His Life and Times_, pp. 169, 182, etc. Footnote 144: _The West answering the North: Relation of the Sufferings of George Fox, Edw. Pyot, and William Salt_, p. 34. Printed 1657. Footnote 145: As to the pits and dungeons of an old English prison, see Charles Creighton, _History of the Epidemics in Britain_, p. 386. Cambridge, 1891. Footnote 146: 19 Car. II. c. 4. Footnote 147: _The State of the Prisons_, pp. 8 and 9. Warrington, 1780. Footnote 148: