Special, and moral, prosecutions were carried out through the Court of Star Chamber (3 Hen. VII. c. 1) (_vide_ Lingard, _Hist._ vii. p. 377; Carter, _Outlines of English Legal History_, p. 101; Hudson, _Treatise on the Star Chamber_) and by the hated Court of High Commission (1 Eliz. c. 1) (see Hale, _Precedents and Proceedings in Criminal Cases_, p. 1., and _Ecc. Courts Comm._, 1883, p. xxxviii.), which imposed some enormous fines and inflicted various painful penalties, till they, with the ecclesiastical courts, were overthrown in the year 1640 (16 Car. I. c. 10 and 11). Footnote 473: Blackstone, iv. p. 28. Footnote 474: Women received certain allowances by 21 Jac. I. c. 6 in 1623. Footnote 475: 10 & 11 Will. III. c. 23. Footnote 476: 5 Anne c. 6. Footnote 477: Carter, _Hist. Eng. Legal Inst._ p. 247, ed. 1902. Footnote 478: J. F. Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, i. 463. Footnote 479: 4 Geo. I. c. 11. Footnote 480: Holdsworth, _Hist._ p. 383. Footnote 481: J. F. Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, p. 463. Footnote 482: 19 Geo. III. c. 74, s. 3. Footnote 483: 7 & 8 Geo. IV. c. 28, s. 6, A.D. 1827. Footnote 484: Yet as Professor Menger expressed it, “Nothing can be so unequal as the equal treatment of unequals.” Footnote 485: J. F. Stephen, _Hist. Crim. Law_, iii. p. 27. Footnote 486: William Andrews, _Old-Time Punishments_, p. 153. Footnote 487: _Dictionary of National Biography._ There was an Act of Henry VIII. which has been called the whip with six strings, which may have some reference to the hangman’s usual weapon. Footnote 488: On the old convict ship _Success_. Footnote 489: See Murray, _Dictionary_, vol. iv. Footnote 490: “Hangman, I charge you to pay particular attention to this lady. Scourge her soundly, man; scourge her till the blood runs down. It is Christmas—a cold time for madam to strip. See that you warm her shoulders thoroughly.”—Mr. Justice Jeffreys, quoted in Andrews, _Old-Time Punishments_, p. 154. Footnote 491: 57 Geo. III. c. 75. Footnote 492: See Statute of Labourers, 25 Ed. III. c. 2. Footnote 493: L. Jewitt, “The Pillory and who they put in it,” _The Reliquary_, i. p. 210, April 1861. Footnote 494: Besant, _Tudors_, p. 381. Footnote 495: Andrews, _Old-Time Punishments_, p. 68. Footnote 496: Jewitt, p. 213. Footnote 497: _Ibid._ p. 221. Footnote 498: 56 Geo. III. c. 138. Footnote 499: 7 Will. IV. and 1 Vict. c. 23. Footnote 500: Besant, _Mediæval London_, p. 354. Footnote 501: J. A. Rees, _The Grocery Trade_, p. 57. London, 1910. Footnote 502: W. Hudson, _Treatise on the Court of Star Chamber_, ii. p. 225. Footnote 503: Lea, _Hist. Inq. Middle Ages_, i. p. 441. Footnote 504: Hudson, _Treatise on the Court of Star Chamber_, p. 225. Footnote 505: James Gairdner, _English Church_, p. 53. Footnote 506: Pike, _Hist._ i. p. 237. Footnote 507: