At a later period he appears in Medīna, as a military leader of great ability and influence. He is now surrounded, not only by the loyal friends who have shared his persecutions, and accompanied him in his flight, but also by a large class who have been forced to adhere to his cause, and whose sincerity is so questionable that they are openly called “hypocrites.” The style of the Sūrahs which were given amidst these surroundings, and during the later years of the author’s life, varies greatly from that of the earlier chapters. We find here incidents which are scarcely embellished, and which are often expressed in the most prosaic language. Instead of the impassioned appeal of an orator, we have the more authoritative language of an acknowledged chief, giving his people whatever instruction they may require. He still follows, however, the rhythmical style of expression, which has so long been characteristic of the Arabians. The Arabs of the desert still employ it to a great extent in their formal orations, while the peculiar style of the Korān remains their standard of literary excellence. ----- Footnote 204: The word Qur’an, a reading, comes from the verb qara’a, “to read.” It is also called El Forqān, “the discrimination,” a word borrowed from the Hebrew. It is also designated by the words El Mus-haf, volume, or El Kitāb, the book. Footnote 205: The chronology of this conquest is in many points uncertain, as the accounts differ. The most important event, however, in the long war was the battle of Nehāwend, which took place probably about A.D. 641. Footnote 206: Chap. II, v. 100. Footnote 207: It was probably about A.D. 571. Footnote 208: Chap. liii, v. 19-20. Footnote 209: It took place on June 16, A.D. 622. Footnote 210: A.D. 624. Footnote 211: About A.D. 629. Footnote 212: A.D. 629. Footnote 213: June 8, A.D. 632. Footnote 214: A.D. 660. Footnote 215: Koran, Chaps. 56, 67, 76, Palmer’s Trans. The more sensuous portions of these descriptions are necessarily omitted. Footnote 216: Chap. vii, v. 88, 56, 67. Footnote 217: Chap. xiv, v. 95. Footnote 218: Chap. viii, v. 15. Footnote 219: Chap. xv. Footnote 220: Chap. iv, v. 1. Footnote 221: Chap. iv, v. 24. Footnote 222: Koran, iv, v. 15-20. Footnote 223: Koran, iv, v. 38. Footnote 224: Chap. iv, v. 59. DIVISION IV. THE PERIOD SUCCEEDING THE MOHAMMEDAN CONQUEST. CHAPTER IX. THE ANWĀR-I-SUHALI. HISTORY OF THE WORK—PREFACE—THE BEES AND THEIR HABITS—THE TWO PIGEONS— THE BLIND MAN AND HIS WHIP—AMICABLE INSTRUCTION—THE PIGEONS AND THE RAT—THE ANTELOPE AND THE CROW—THE ELEPHANT AND THE JACKAL—GEMS FROM THE HITOPADEŚA.