How far Zoroastrian dualism had affected the religion of the Babylonians at the time of the Jewish captivity is doubtful, but that the Hebrew prophets of those days had to contend with dualistic ideas seems probable from these words: ‘I am the Lord, and there is none else. I form the light and create darkness; I make peace and create evil. I the Lord do all these things.’[202] The New Testament, on the other hand, might be thought by a superficial reader to lend some support to dualistic doctrines.... I need scarcely point out, however, that the Bible account of the origin, nature, and destiny of Satan and his angels differs, _toto cælo_ from the Zoroastrian description of Ahriman and his host. Nor need I add that the various monistic, pantheistic, and dualistic theories, briefly alluded to in this paper, are utterly at variance with the Christian doctrine of a Personal, Eternal and Infinite Being, existing and working outside man, and outside the material universe, which He has Himself created, and controlling both, and in the case of human beings, working not only outside man, but in and through him.”[203] ----- Footnote 176: Sa. Bks. of the East, Vol. IV, Int., pp. 56, 83. Footnote 177: Sa. Bks. of the East, Vol. XXXI, pp. 6-194. Footnote 178: Having an especial Yast. Footnote 179: The first month is called Fravisha, and indicates the particular time of this celebration. Fravisha also means the departed souls of ancestors, and these angels or protectors are numberless. Every being of the good creation, whether living, dead or still unborn, has its own Fravisha or guardian angel, who has existed from the beginning. Footnote 180: Haug was the first to call attention to this striking coincidence with Hindu mythology; in the Aitareya, and Satapatha Brahmanas, in the Atharva-veda, and in the Ramayana, the gods are numbered at thirty- three. Footnote 181: Yasna, xvi. Footnote 182: See Yasna, xix. Footnote 183: This expression probably points to an immigration of Zarathustranism. Footnote 184: Yasna, xlii. Footnote 185: Yasna, lvii. Footnote 186: From the fifth to the twelfth. Footnote 187: When a dog dies his spirit passes to Ardvi Sura, the goddess of the living waters that pour into the celestial sea. The penalty for frightening a pregnant dog was from ten to two hundred stripes. Footnote 188: As the symbol and instrument of sovereignty. He reigned supreme by the strength of the ring and of the poniard. Footnote 189: