_Reading._—Very fine type should always be avoided, it is a very unnecessary strain on the eyes, as are also books printed on a poor quality of paper with improper spacing. The paper should be unglazed. _Length of Line._—The length of the printed line should not be more than 4 inches, nor less than 2¾ inches; that is, not more than 10 or less than 7 centimeters. If the line is too long, the effort to find the succeeding line is too great. If, on the other hand, the line is too short, the lateral movements of the eye are so frequent that the muscles concerned in these movements soon become fatigued. The position of the reader should be sitting upright, with the back toward the light, which should fall over the left shoulder, and the book held nearly on a level with the eyes. The book should be held at a distance of about 12 inches from the eyes. The light should be on a level with the head or slightly above it. In desk work, a shade should always be worn to protect the eyes. Reading in the recumbent position is a pernicious habit, and is particularly bad when convalescing from an illness or when very tired. Reading in carriages or cars is injurious to all eyes, but especially so to myopic eyes; because of the constant jolting, the distance between the type and the eyes is continually changing, necessitating the frequent and abrupt adjustments of accommodation; besides, the illumination is apt to be very poor. Reading in a dim light or the twilight is also very bad for the eyes. Sewing and embroidery require the most trying ocular labor and the best conditions for illumination. Working on black goods by artificial light should be absolutely forbidden. =Injuries to the Eyes.=—The most common injuries to the eyes are the entrance of small particles of dust, cinders, steel filings, etc., into the conjunctival sac, or into the substance of the cornea. Frequently, with the aid of a little winking, the tears wash away these foreign substances, but if the substance lodges in the lining membrane of the upper or lower lid, or is imbedded in the cornea, it may be necessary to resort to other means in order to remove them. The lining membrane of the lower lid is brought into view by simple tension of the lower lid downward by one finger. If the offending particle is not seen, the upper lid should be averted. This may be easily effected by the fingers alone. The patient is told to look down, the edge of the upper lid and the lashes are seized by the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, and the lid is drawn at first forward and then downward away from the eye, then upward over the point of the thumb or forefinger of the left hand, which is held stationary on the lid and acts as a fulcrum. The foreign body should be removed with the handkerchief, but, if it is imbedded, it may be necessary for a competent physician to remove it.