As in political economy numerical statements become instructive only by a comparison with analogous facts I have carefully examined what, in the present state of the two continents, might be considered as a small relative population in Europe, and a very great relative population in America. I have, however, chosen examples only from among the provinces which have a continued surface of more than 600 square leagues in order to exclude the accidental accumulations of population which occur around great cities; for instance, on the coast of Brazil, in the valley of Mexico, on the table-lands of Santa Fe de Bogota and Cuzco; or finally, in the smaller West India Islands (Barbadoes, Martinique and St. Thomas) of which the relative population is from 3000 to 4700 inhabitants to the square league, and consequently equal to the most fertile parts of Holland, France and Lombardy. MINIMUM OF EUROPE: INHABITANTS TO THE SQUARE LEAGUE. The four least populous Governments of European Russia: Archangel : 10. Olonez : 42. Wologda and Astracan : 52. Finland : 106. The least populous Province of Spain, that of Cuenca : 311. The Duchy of Luneburg (on account of the heaths) : 550. The least populous Department of Continental France : 758. (Hautes Alps) Departments of France thinly peopled (the Creuse, : 1300. the Var and the Aude) MAXIMUM OF AMERICA. The central part of the Intendencias of : 1300. Mexico and Puebla, above In the United States, Massachusetts, but having only 522 square leagues of surface : 900. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, together : 840. The whole Intendencia of Puebla : 540. The whole Intendencia of Mexico : 460. These two Mexican Intendencias together are nearly a third of the superficial extent of France, with a suitable population (in 1823 nearly 2,800,000 souls) to prevent the towns of Mexico and Puebla from having a sensible influence on the relative population. Northern part of the Province of Caracas : 208. (without the Llanos)