Most of the Chinese cities have large bells set up in their high towers, by which notice is given of the different watches of the night. The first watch is denoted by a single stroke; the second, by two; the third, by three; and so on. Some of the Chinese bells are very large, and weigh upwards of one hundred thousand pounds. Their clappers are of wood and not of metal—the former being thought to give a softer sound. The city of Pekin has been the fixed capital of China ever since the expulsion of the Moguls; and, although situated on the Northern confines of China Proper, it is central with regard to the whole empire. It is surrounded by a wall, flanked with high towers, each containing accommodation for a hundred men. Within this wall are the Emperor’s palace and gardens. These are surrounded by another wall, the enclosure being called the Sacred City. The two cities are not less than twenty-five miles in circumference. [Illustration] The Imperial Palace is situated in the heart of the city, and has a prodigious number of courts, squares, ponds, parks, and edifices. The apartments are spacious and healthy, and the whole is adorned with gardens, baths, and pleasure terraces. There, is, in the midst of one of the principal gardens, an artificial lake of about a mile in extent, surrounded by stately trees, and gorgeous temples, and fine statues. The Great Hall of Audience is a lofty building, one hundred and thirty feet long, and nearly of a square form. Its ceiling is of carved work, garnished with green, and adorned with gilt dragons in bas-relief. The pillars which support the roof are about seven feet in circumference, and are embellished with raised works of fruits and flowers. The pavement is covered with a rich carpet; the walls are polished white, and without hangings, mirrors, or any kind of ornament. The throne stands in the centre of the hall, and consists of a lofty alcove, but has few ornaments or inscriptions; it, however, bears the words “Reason’s glory,” the name assumed by the present Emperor. [Illustration]