I have very little to say to you respecting the cause of this wonderful
phenomenon. The most reasonable notion seems to be, that it is
occasioned by electric fluid playing about, and diffusing itself in
the upper regions of the atmosphere, where the air is very thin. A
similar kind of light is produced by a very pretty experiment, which
consists in sending an electric spark through a long glass vessel, from
which the air has been exhausted. When the air is more compressed,
as it is near the surface of the earth, the electric fluid does not
so spread itself abroad, but moves in more direct lines, and in
more compact masses, as you may see in lightning, or in the sparks
of an electrifying machine sent into the atmosphere under ordinary
circumstances of density.
CHAPTER III.
PARLEY TELLS OF SOME OTHER METEORS.
PARHELIA OR MOCK SUNS.
There are a great many very wonderful appearances in a polar sky,
besides the Aurora Borealis. Perhaps the most remarkable of these are
Parhelia, or "mock suns," which are often seen to shine in various
parts of the sky. As many as six of them are sometimes seen at once,
all shining with great brilliancy. They are generally brightest just
before day-break, and fade away as the true sun ascends.
Parhelia have also been seen at different times on the continent of
Europe. At Marienberg, in Prussia, many years ago, towards evening,
one was observed which seemed attached to a small white cloud that
was situated just below the sun. It was at first of a reddish colour,
but as the sun descended towards it, it assumed the aspect of the sun
itself.
Three at once were seen at Sudbury, in Suffolk, and two were seen in a
part of Rutlandshire. There are recorded many other appearances of this
remarkable phenomenon, but they do not seem to differ much from each
other.
There is great uncertainty as to what occasions these mock suns.
Perhaps they are merely reflections of the image of the true sun
upon reflecting clouds, such as I shall describe to you presently.
The circumstance that seems to render this probable, is that they
sometimes become brighter as the sun approaches them, which cannot
easily be accounted for by supposing them to have any source of light
in themselves. On the contrary, their fading away at times as he rises,
may be occasioned by the clouds on which they are reflected, becoming
rarified; or the effect may be only comparative, just as the moon grows
paler, and at last disappears, as day comes on. Thus you see the two
opposite effects of the sun's approach may be equally well accounted
for, on the supposition of the Parhelia being mere reflections of the
sun, and I do not think that they could on any other.
IGNES FATUI.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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