Cæsar, Julius on Ireland, 134 Caledones, 143 Cathal, king of Munster, 237 Cashel (Caiseal Muṁan) "discovered," 127; synod of, 286 Cellachán (Ceallaċán), king of Munster, 266 Celtae of Gallia Celtica, supposed identity of Gaels with, 42 Celtic antiquity, growth of learned and popular interest in, 6-9 Celtic migrations to Britain and Ireland, current British theory of, 32; approximate earliest date of, 48; traditions concerning, 49, 50; archaeological evidence of, 51, 52 Celtic origin of Gaels and Britons forgotten by themselves, brought to light by Buchanan, 4-5 Celtic religion, 30 Celtic resistance to Norsemen, 254 Celtic studies: initiated by Buchanan, 5; developed by Llwyd, 6; stimulated by Gray, 7; and still more by Macpherson, 8 Celtic words in the Germanic languages, 17, 18 Celto-Germanic population, 18-25 Celts: the name indicative of linguistic not racial descent, 1-3; earliest accounts of, early relations with Germans, 15-25; ancient civilisation of, 25 Cerdraige (Ceardraiġe), 76 Christian era in Irish chronology, 223 Christians in Ireland before St. Patrick, 161-167 Chronology of pre-Christian Ireland, 49 Church, effect of the Anglo-Norman invasion on the, 288, 308 Church lands, 351 Ciarán of Saighir, Saint, 161 "Cities" in Ireland, mentioned by Ptolemy, 137, 138 "Clan system," notions of, 289, 349, 353 Clann Cholmáin dynasty, 236 Clontarf, character of the battle of, 272; effect on Norsemen, 273 Cóiced (cúigeaḋ), significance of, 101 Coirpre Nia Fer (Cairbre Nia Fear), king of North Leinster, 104, 106 Collas, the Three, 124 Columban monasteries, reorganisation of, 284 Commios and his sons, 167-170 Communal land tenure, true and false notions of, 295, 351 Connacht (Connaċta), ancient extent of, 112, 186 Constantine, Donation of, 17 Copper mines in Ireland, their remote antiquity, 71 Copper Period in Ireland, 43, 70 Copper rivets, ancient industry in, 75 Corcu Loegdae (Corca Laoiġḋe), 162 Cormac, king of Munster, 260 Cormac, king of Tara, 120; his reign an epoch, 124 Craftsmen enfranchised, 229 Crinna, battle of, 120 Cruithin, the Irish name of the Picts, 59, 63 Cu Chulainn, 79 Cu Rói (Cú Raoi), 102 D