Philipp Reis: Inventor of the Telephone: A Biographical SketchThompson, Silvanus P. (Silvanus Phillips)
History
Philipp Reis: Inventor of the Telephone: A Biographical Sketch
Thompson, Silvanus P. (Silvanus Phillips)
Reis, Philipp, 1834-1874; Telephone -- History
The tone-receiver consists of an electro-magnet, _m m_, which rests
upon a resounding-board, _u w_, and the surrounding coils of which
are connected with the metallic circuit and the earth. Opposite to
the electro-magnet there stands an armature, which is connected with
a lever, _i_, as long as possible but light and broad, and which
lever together with the armature, is fastened like a pendulum to
the support _k_; its movements are regulated by the screw _l_ and
the spring _q_. “In order to increase the effect of the apparatus,
this tone-receiver may be placed in the one focus of an elliptically
hollowed cavity of sufficient size, while the ear of the person who
listens to the reproduced sounds ought to be placed at the second focus
of the cavity.” The action of the two apparatus, the general manner
of connection of which may be seen from the illustrations--at the one
station being the tone-indicator, at the other the tone-receiver--is
the following:--By speaking into, singing, or conducting the tones
of an instrument into the tube, _a b_, there is produced in the
tone-indicator (Fig. 34) in consequence of the condensation and
rarefaction of the enclosed column of air, a motion of the membrane,
_c_, corresponding to these changes. The lever, _c d_, follows the
movements of the membrane, and opens or closes the circuit according
as there occurs a condensation or rarefaction of the enclosed air. In
consequence of these actions, the electro-magnet, _m m_ (Fig. 13),
is correspondingly demagnetised or magnetised, and the armature (and
the armature-lever) belonging to it is set into vibrations similar to
those of the membrane of the transmitting apparatus. By means of the
lever, _i_, connected with the armature, the similar vibrations are
transmitted to the surrounding air, and these sounds thus produced
finally reach the ear of the listener (the sounding-board increasing
the effect). As regards the effectiveness of this apparatus, the author
remarks that while the similar number of the produced vibrations is
reproduced by the receiver, their original strength has not yet been
obtained by it. For this reason also small differences of vibration
are difficult to hear, and during the practical experiments hitherto
made, chords, melodies, &c., could be, it is true, transmitted with
astonishing (?) fidelity, while single words in reading, speaking, &c.,
were less distinctly perceived.
* * * * *
[The rest of the article deals with the “square-box”
transmitter described in Reis’s Prospectus, and adds nothing to
the information already published.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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