Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
have no progressive motion to withdraw themselves from the Carts going
over them, which your _Author_ thinks they would do, if they had
sense, to avoid pain: nevertheless they have motion, and consequently
sense and reason, according to the nature and propriety of their
figure, as well as man has according to his. But this is also to be
observed, that not any humane Creature, which is accounted to have the
perfectest sense and reason, is able always to avoid what is hurtful or
painful, for it is subject to it by Nature: Nay, the Immaterial Soul
it self, according to your _Author_,[2] cannot by her self-contracting
faculty withdraw her self from pain. Wherefore there is no manner of
consequence to conclude from the sense of Animals to the sense of
Minerals, they being as much different as their Figures are; And saying
this, I have said enough to express the opinion and mind of,
Madam,
_Your faithful Friend_
_and Servant._
[1] _Antid. Book_ 1. _c._ 5.
[2] _Append. to the Antid. ch._ 3.
XXI.
_MADAM,_
Your _Author_ endeavours very much to prove the existency of a _Natural
Immaterial Spirit_, whom he defines to be an _Incorporeal substance,
Indivisible, that can move it self, can penetrate, contract and dilate
it self, and can also move and alter the matter._ Whereof, if you will
have my opinion, I confess freely to you, that in my sense and reason
I cannot conceive it to be possible, that these is any such thing in
Nature; for all that is a substance in Nature, is a body, and what has
a body, is corporeal; for though there be several degrees of matter,
as in purity, rarity, subtilty, activity; yet there is no degree so
pure, rare and subtil, that can go beyond its nature, and change from
corporeal to incorporeal, except it could change from being something
to nothing, which is impossible in Nature. Next, there is no substance
in Nature that is not divisible; for all that is a body, or a bodily
substance, hath extension, and all extension hath parts, and what has
parts, is divisible. As for self-motion, contraction and dilation,
these are actions onely of Natural Matter; for Matter by the Power
of God is self-moving, and all sorts of motions, as contraction,
dilation, alteration, penetration, &c. do properly belong to Matter;
so that natural Matter stands in no need to have some Immaterial or
Incorporeal substance to move, rule, guide and govern her; but she is
able enough to do it all her self, by the free Gift of the Omnipotent
God; for why should we trouble our selves to invent or frame other
unconceivable substances, when there is no need for it, but Matter can
act, and move as well without them and of it self? Is not God able
to give such power to Matter, as to an other Incorporeal substance?
But I suppose this opinion of natural Immaterial Spirits doth proceed
from Chymistry, where the extracts are vulgarly called Spirits; and
from that degree of Matter, which by reason of its purity, subtilty
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