Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural PhilosophyNewcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Philosophy
Philosophical Letters: or, modest Reflections upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy
Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676; Philosophy
as the most ingenious Artists cannot trace her ways, or imitate her
actions; for Art being but a Creature, can do or know no more then a
Creature; and although she is an ingenious Creature, which can and hath
found out some things profitable and useful for the life of others,
yet she is but a handmaid to Nature, and not her Mistress; which your
_Author_, in my opinion, too rashly affirms, when he says,[3] That _the
Art of Chymistry is not onely the Chambermaid and emulating Ape, but
now and then the Mistress of Nature_: For Art is an effect of Nature,
and to prefer the effect before the cause, is absurd. But concerning
Chymistry, I have spoken in another place; I'le return to my former
Discourse: and I wonder much why your _Author_ is so opposite to the
Schools, concerning the doctrine of the Gall's being a receptacle for
superfluities and dregs; for I think there is not any Creature that
has not places or receptacles for superfluous matter, such as we call
dregs; for even the purest and hardest Mineral, as Gold, has its dross,
although in a less proportion then some other Creatures; nay, I am
perswaded, that even Light, which your _Author_ doth so much worship,
may have some superfluous matter, which may be named dregs; and since
Nature has made parts in all Creatures to receive and discharge
superfluous matter, (which receiving and discharging is nothing else
but a joyning and dividing of parts to and from parts,) why may not the
Gall be as well for that use as any other part? But I pray mistake me
not, when I say _superfluous matter or dregs_; for I understand by it,
that which is not useful to the nourishment or consistence of such or
such a Creature; but to speak properly, there is neither superfluity
of matter nor dregs in Nature. Moreover, your _Author_ mentions a
_six-fold digestion_, and makes every digestion to be performed by
inbreathing or inspiration; For _in the first digestion_, he says,
_The spleen doth inspire a sowre Ferment into the Meat: In the second,
The Gall doth inspire a ferment, or fermental blas into the slender
entrails: In the third, The Liver doth inspire a bloody ferment into
the veins of the Mensentery_, &c. I answer, first, I am confident
Nature has more ways then to work onely by Inspirations, not onely in
General, but in every Particular. Next, I believe there are not onely
six, but many more digestions in an animal Creature; for not onely
every sort of food, but every bit that is eaten, may require a several
digestion, and every several part of the body works either to expel, or
preserve, or for both; so that there are numerous several Motions in
every Creature, and many changes of motions in each particular part;
but Nature is in them all. And so leaving her, I rest,
Madam,
_Your Faithful Friend_
_and Servant._
[1] _Ch._ Of a Six-fold digestion.
[2] See _The passive deceiving of the Schools, the humorists,_ c. 1.
[3] _Ch._ Heat doth not digest efficiently.
XXXI.
_MADAM,_
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