He then makes Sir Hans say, that the inhabitants of Jamaica stain their cottons with the bark of the Cashew-nut tree. By this, one would naturally conclude, that Mr. Miller has been endeavouring to prove, in opposition to the Abbé Mazeas’s letter, that the art of painting or staining cottons of a fine deep black colour, equal to that discovered by the Abbé Sauvages, as described in his experiments on the Carolina Toxicodendron, was practised by the English forty or fifty years ago in Jamaica. If this was the case, it is something surprising, that, notwithstanding our great intercourse with that island, the callico-printers of England never got intelligence of this valuable secret. Further, if Mr. Miller will consult Piso and Margrave, writers of the best authority on the Brasilian plants, he will find their accounts of the Acajou exactly correspond with that delivered by Dr. Browne, in his History of Jamaica, as well as Sir Hans Sloane’s: for they say, that the juice of this tree is equal in virtue, and mechanical uses, to the best gum-arabic. And if he still doubts, I shall lastly recommend him to go to the British Museum, and there he may see a most elegant specimen of the Cashew-gum, which will put this matter quite out of all doubt. I shall now leave the decision of this controversy, which Mr. Miller has obliged me so fully to explain in my own vindication, to the candour and impartiality of this Honourable Society. _P.S._ Since the foregoing paper was read, Professor Sibthorp was so kind to deliver me an exact drawing of the _Fasi-no-ki_ in the Sherardian collection at Oxford, taken by the Rev. Mr. William Borlase, F.R.S. the title and synonym of which are both in the Hand-writing of Dr. Dillenius, as the Professor assures me. See TAB. XVIII. [Illustration: _Philos. Trans. Vol. L._ TAB. XVIII. _p._ 456. _Fasi-noki_ _Foccicodendron foliis alatis fructu Rhomboide H. Elth. from Japan._ _In Horto situ Shorards Oxon._ _W. Borlase delin. J.M.Sc._] LVII. _A Letter to the Rev._ Thomas Birch, _D. D. Secr. R.S. concerning the Number of the People of_ England; _by the Rev. Mr._ Richard Forster, _Rector of_ Great Shefford _in_ Berkshire. [Read Dec. 22, 1757.] Shefford, Nov. 9. 1757. Revᵈ Sir, Since I did myself the honour of writing to you in July[212], my bookseller has sent me part ii. of vol. xlix. of the Transactions; in which[213] I find another medium advanced to determine the amount of the people in England: and this is the number of houses, which pay the window-tax, and which “amount to about 690,000, besides cottages, that pay nothing.” To this is added, that “tho’ the number of cottages be not accurately known, it appears from the accounts given in, that they cannot amount to above 200,000.”