The common _usnea_ of the shops was said to be the basis of that fine perfumed powder, which the French called _corps de cypre gris_, and which formerly made a great article of trade at Montpelier. Dr. Brown hints[70], that the perfumers use it still; but he does not add, where. John Bauhine gives us the whole process[71] for making that power, which was vended in great quantities to all parts of France. It is nevertheless true, that other of the lichens had as great a share in the competition as the _usnea_; as the demand for that powder could not have been answered, if the makers had confined themselves to the _usnea_ alone. It was necessary too, inasmuch as other species are equally well adapted to the same uses[72]. This _usnea_ is abundantly plentiful in the woods of Lapland; and Linnæus[73] relates, that the inhabitants apply it to their feet, when they are sore and excoriated with much walking. The benefit they receive from it in this case is undoubtedly owing to its styptic quality, which is remarked by Matthiolus, and by Mr. Ray[74] from the German Ephemerides. The _beard usnea_ before mentioned, which is abundantly common upon the trees both in the northern regions of Europe and America, as well as in the eastern kingdoms, and is described by Mr. Ray as hanging to the length of two feet, the filaments of which are not thicker than a common thread, and of a greenish white colour, is used by the inhabitants of Pensylvania to dye an orange colour with. This information Dillenius received from Mr. Bartram. The black _mane usnea_, which grows in vast quantities in the Lapland woods, in a defect of the common coralline moss makes part of the fodder, and is equally acceptable to the rein-deer in the winter time[75]. The long beaded _usnea_, or necklace-moss[76], enters into the like œconomical uses in Virginia, where it is very plentiful. The inhabitants find it a very agreeable fodder in the winter season to both sheep and cows[77]. The Norwegians appropriate one of these _usnea_ to a singular use. Pontoppidan tells us[78], “they have a certain kind of yellow moss hanging on the branches of trees of the firs and pines, which is very venomous, yet applied to a necessary use; for being mixed in pottage, or with flesh, as a bait for the wolves, they infallibly die of it.” That the species here referred to is the brass-wired _usnea_ of Dillenius[79], or the _lichen vulpinus_ of Linnæus, cannot be doubted, since this last author mentions[80] the same application of it with very little variation. In England it is very rare; in Sweden plentiful, especially in the province of Smoland, where the natives dye woollen goods yellow with it. John Bauhine describes a very beautiful species, under the name of _laricus muscus_[81], which gives a very elegant citron colour upon chewing, or upon maceration in water. Dillenius is doubtful, whether this is what he has described under the name of the orange-coloured forked _usnea_[82].