Philosophical transactions, Vol. L. Part II. For the year 1758.: Giving some account of the present undertakings, studies, and labours, of the ingenious, in many considerable parts of the world.Various
History
Philosophical transactions, Vol. L. Part II. For the year 1758.: Giving some account of the present undertakings, studies, and labours, of the ingenious, in many considerable parts of the world.
Various
Science -- Periodicals
About half an inch from the ears there are two horns, or _antennæ_,
like those of some testaceous animals, which serve them for eyes; and
these _antennæ_ extend and contract at will, turning to either side
also. The _oesophagus_ begins at the upper and inner part of the mouth,
which is a delicate long tube; near which there is another thick one,
and made nearly like the colon, which leads to a bag, or the first
stomach, which may be likened to the craw of a fowl: it is always
filled with fucus mixed with sand. Sometimes this stomach is double, or
at least lengthens itself considerably, and the aliment parts it, as it
were, into two portions. After this craw, or stomach, we find another,
which performs the same office with the gizzard of fowls. The membranes
are thick, and are set with twelve stones, or horny pieces, of a bright
yellow colour, and as transparent as fine yellow amber, ending in
points like a diamond; so that the great side, or basis, is set into
the membrane of the gizzard as a diamond in its socket: others differ
in size, having different figures, that in acting all together they may
be able to break and grind the herbs the animal feeds upon, as well by
the strength of the muscle or gizzard, which puts them into action, as
by the situation of these stones, assisted by grains of sand found in
it, turning the whole by this trituration into a liquor. Afterwards,
what was thus triturated by the power of the gizzard passes into a
third belly or stomach, which is covered by a purple body, resembling
the _parenchyma_ of the liver, and nearly of the same consistence: then
this belly turns into a long tube, which surrounds this _parenchyma_,
and is covered in like manner by a very fine membrane: it is full
of a white liquor, like chyle, and goes to discharge itself into
another reservoir, at the side of which is a yellowish gland, like
a _pancreas_. From these two bodies or glands one of which may be
called hepatic, and the other pancreatic, two conduits pass out; that
of the _pancreas_ is white, the other of a blackish purple: the first
conducts its chyle, condensed, into a reservoir or bladder, which may
be resembled to the _receptaculum chyli_ of Pequet, and from thence
passes to the fecal matter: the other conducts to a body made like the
mesentery, but which is always found out of the common capacity or
cavity, in which all the _viscera_ are contained; which I thus describe:
This common capacity is very large, beginning at the head and ending
at the tail of the fish: it is sometimes filled with a yellowish
water, and is formed by the fleshy body of the animal; which is only a
membrane composed of fibres every way interwoven together, open at the
top, where the organs are situated, which contain the purple juice.
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