Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental studyChittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Science
Physiological economy in nutrition, with special reference to the minimal proteid requirement of the healthy man: an experimental study
Chittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Metabolism; Nutrition
The results are presented in tables 1 to 5. The dates in the
first column indicate the day on which each individual set
of ten reactions was taken. The second column presents the
averages of each ten reactions in sigmas. The third column
gives the mean variations of the various single reaction times
from the average. The fourth column gives the variations of the
day’s average, recorded in column 2, from the general average
of that individual for all his experiments. These general
averages are presented in table 6. At the bottom of each
complete column of averages will be found the group average.
This quantity is obtained by averaging the results from all the
members of the squad for periods of, approximately, two weeks.
The mean variations in the third column make it clear that the
subjects did not settle down into what could be regarded as
trained subjects. Trained subjects are expected to give mean
variations which are consistently within the limits of 10 per
cent of the average. While there are, of course, instances in
which the mean variation falls within this limit, there is no
consistent exhibition of the regularity indicative of thorough
practice. This fact is further confirmed by a comparison of
the results of March 30, 31, and April 1 with those of the
earlier months. At the end of March, all effects of practice
in November, December, and January, except the most general,
may be regarded as having disappeared; and yet the averages
and variations for the March and April dates resemble closely
those of the month immediately preceding and also those of
November. The effects of practice may, accordingly, be regarded
as insignificant.
This lack of special training accounts for the large
variations which appear in some cases. As is usual in reaction
experiments, the signal to which the reactors were to respond
was in each case preceded by about two seconds by a bell signal
to arouse attention. Conditions were thus rendered as nearly
uniform as possible, but the variations indicate in three or
four cases exceptional lapses of attention. Such exceptional
cases can be eliminated without prejudicing the final validity
of the results by substituting the median for the averages. In
table 7, the medians are grouped together and show even more
than the tables of average the absence of any general variation
during the period of the tests.
The obvious conclusion from these tests is that the quickness
of the members of the squad underwent no general change during
the whole period covered by the test. Individual members showed
variations from time to time, but these variations are clearly
accidental in character, for they show no regular tendencies
and are in no way related to the changes in the character and
amount of the diet.
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