Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
The taste indeed is a little more kept up; but let it be remarked
that this sense is connected with the organic as much as with the
animal life, and is therefore necessary to the internal functions:
In this way, when all agreeable sensations have fled the old man,
when their absence has already broken in part the connexions, which
attach him to the world, his taste remains with him still; it is
the last thread to which is suspended the pleasure of existence.
In this way, isolated in the midst of nature, already deprived of
the greater number of the functions of the sensitive organs, the
old man is soon to suffer the loss of the common action of the
brain, for it is manifest, that there can scarcely be any farther
perception, for the very reason that there is nothing farther
coming from the senses. Meanwhile, the imagination lessens and is
soon annihilated.
The memory of present things is destroyed: the old man in an
instant forgets what is told him, because his external senses
enfeebled and already dead, as it were, in no wise confirm what
is intimated to him by the mind alone. Ideas escape him when the
images, which are traced by the senses, do not keep their hold. On
the contrary, the remembrance of the past remains with him, that
which the old man has formerly known, has been taught him or at
least confirmed to him by his senses.[51]
He differs from the child in this respect; the child judges only
from the sensations which he experiences, the old man from those,
which he has experienced.
The result of the two states is the same, for the judgment is
equally uncertain, whether founded exclusively upon actual or past
sensation. Its accuracy depends upon the due comparison of the two.
No one can be ignorant, that in the judgment which we form from
visible objects, the actual impression would frequently deceive
us, were we not to rectify the error by what we are enabled to
recollect, and may we not observe that past sensations, in a short
time grow confused, if the features of the picture, which they have
left with us, be not retraced by new and analogous impressions?
The present then, and the past with regard to sensation, are
equally necessary for the perfection of the judgment. If either
the one or the other be wanting there cannot be any comparison
made between the two, and in consequence there must be a want of
precision in the judgment.
For these reasons, the first and the latter ages of man, are
equally remarkable for imbecility. Old age is second infancy. The
two periods of life resemble each other with regard to want of
judgment; they differ only as to the cause of such defect.
The interruption of the functions of the brain of the old man,
is a consequence of the almost entire annihilation of the
sensitive system with him; in the same way does the weakness of
the locomotive power, succeed almost inevitably to the inactivity
of the brain. This organ in fact re-acts upon the muscles, in
proportion only as the senses act upon it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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