Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
I cannot entirely resolve this question. I shall only observe that
society has an especial influence in creating this difference;
for man in the midst of his fellow-creatures makes a very great
use of his animal life; the springs of it are habitually more
fatigued than those of his organic life, and worn away under the
influence of society; the eye by artificial light, the ear by
sounds too frequently repeated, and above all by those of speech,
which are wanting to other animals;[52] the smell in like manner
is debilitated by factitious odours, the taste by savours, which
certainly are not natural, the touch and the tact by constant
attrition of dress,[53] and the brain by too incessant thinking.
We live then externally with excess. We abuse our animal life;
it is circumscribed by nature within limits which are too much
enlarged by us for its duration; thus it cannot be surprising that
it should cease so soon. In fact we have seen the vital powers
divided into two orders, the one appertaining to this life, the
other to the organic life. These two orders may be compared to
two lights which burn at the same time, and which have only a
determined quantity of materials for aliment. In which case, if
the one be agitated by a stronger wind than the other is, it must
necessarily be the sooner extinguished.
Yet social influence notwithstanding is very advantageous to man.
It gradually disengages him from those bonds which attach him to
life, and renders the instant of death less terrible.
The idea of our last hour, is painful only because it puts an end
to our animal life. The borders of the tomb are beset with terrors,
which will all be found to originate in the thought of such
privation.
It is not the pain of death, which we fear; how many dying men
are there for whom the gift of existence would be precious, though
purchased at the expense of an uninterrupted series of suffering!
If we look at the animal which lives but little externally, he by
no means trembles at beholding the instant of his death.[54]
Were it possible to suppose a man, who in dying should lose his
internal functions only, such man would look upon his death with
an indifferent eye, because he would feel that the blessings of
existence, are attached to the powers of feeling the influence of
nature and society.
If the animal life then be terminated gradually, if each of the
bonds by which we are capable of the pleasures of living, be broken
by little and little, such pleasures will escape us imperceptibly,
and the old man will have forgotten the value of life, when it is
about to be taken from him; such destruction will resemble that of
the vegetable only.
II. _The Organic Life in natural death does not terminate as it
does in accidental death._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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