Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
In order to see how the first condition is modified in different
cases, it is necessary to recollect what is the source of animal
heat. The blood is warmed in passing through the lungs in
consequence of the chemical phenomena of respiration; and as from
the lungs it is carried to all parts of the body, it yields to the
different organs a portion of the heat which it has received. Hence
the general temperature of the body will be higher in proportion
to the temperature of the blood, to the frequency with which this
fluid is renewed in the organs and to the quantity of it that is
brought to them, at each pulsation.
Now in diseases of long duration, the volume of blood is
considerably diminished, the activity of the heart is lessened,
and respiration is performed in an imperfect manner. Thus the body
of the patient who sinks under these circumstances has less heat
to lose than that of the man who dies suddenly, when all these
functions were performed in perfection.
Let us pass now to the second condition. The cooling, as we have
said, takes place so much the quicker as the surface of the body is
the more extended in proportion to its size; now, in the emaciation
which accompanies almost all diseases that are protracted, the size
decreases much more rapidly than the surface. Thus then, when even
at the moment of death the general temperature of the body may be
as high as in a state of health, the cooling would however take
place more quickly.
It remains for us now only to examine under what circumstances
the third condition is fulfilled in the most advantageous manner.
When an individual in full health dies, the sub-cutaneous cellular
texture usually contains a greater or less quantity of fat. Now we
know that it is one of the characters of all fat substances to be
very bad conductors of heat. Hence then a third reason which should
render cooling more slow after sudden deaths. Sometimes after a
disease, this last condition is fulfilled in another manner. In
certain derangements of the circulation, the cellular texture is
filled with serum; and as all aqueous fluids are bad conductors of
caloric, though the temperature of the body may not be very high at
the moment of death, the heat is yet preserved for a long time.
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