Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
After having established by different experiments, how fatal the
influence of the black blood is upon the brain, which receives it
from the arteries whenever the chemical functions of the lungs are
suspended, it will not be amiss or out of place to shew, that the
phenomena of the asphyxia, which are observed in the human subject,
accord with the experiments of which I have given the detail.
1st. It is generally known that every kind of asphyxia affects the
brain in the first instance; that the functions of this organ are
the first to be annihilated; that the animal life, and particularly
the sensations cease; that all our relations with exterior objects
are instantly suspended, and that the organic functions are only
consecutively interrupted. Whatever be the mode of asphyxia, by
submersion, strangulation, gases, or a vacuum, the same phenomena
occur at all times.
2dly. It is known that the greater number of those who have escaped
suffocation, have been sensible only of a general stupor, the seat
of which has been evidently in the brain. It is known also, that
death is almost always certain in these cases, while the pulse and
the heart have ceased to be felt.
3dly. It is affirmed by almost all such persons as have survived
this accident, especially when caused by the vapour of charcoal,
that the first thing of which they were sensible, was more or less
pain, in the head, an effect in all probability occasioned by the
first influx of the black blood into the brain. This fact has
been noted by the greater number of authors, who have written on
asphyxia.
4thly. The vulgar expression that “charcoal flies to the head” is
surely a proof that the brain, and not the heart, is the first
affected in the asphyxia occasioned by this deleterious substance.
The unprejudiced vulgar, oftentimes observe more correctly than we
do, who frequently see only what we wish to see.[93]
5thly. There are many examples of persons, who after escaping the
pernicious effects of the vapour of charcoal, have been subject
afterwards to paralytic affections, and loss of memory. Such
changes have evidently their seat in the brain. Convulsion also
is frequently the effect of the impression of mephitic vapour:
head-ache is a common symptom, and for the most part remains after
the others have disappeared. In every book of cases may be seen
examples of these affections.
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