Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
“On the 20th of August, he was much emaciated, with the skin dry
and adherent; the cheeks, below the jaw, were constantly moistened
with sweat, which had been observed for twelve or fifteen days. The
wound of the right side remained fistulous; the skin was covered
with scurf, the sheath and scrotum, as well as the hind legs, were
oedematous; the animal died. Nothing remarkable was discovered on
dissection. Below the sub-occipital foramen the great sympathetic
was slightly swelled, in the form of a knot, in the place where the
division had been made.”
“_2d Experiment._ On the 26th of April, the right guttural
ganglion, with a portion of the nerve, was removed from a sound
horse, four and a half years old, strong and in good condition.
The ganglion of the left side was first a little mutilated, and
the nerve was removed posteriorly to the extent of thirty three
centimetres. The animal did not manifest so much pain as might have
been expected.
“The conjunctiva soon became red and the eyelids partly covered the
eyes; the respiration became painful and loud; the pulse was hard,
strong and frequent. The animal refused all food, and drank with
great difficulty.
“This state continued till the 10th of May following. The two
wounds were almost healed; the animal eat and drank well; but the
hind legs and scrotum were still so much swollen as to interfere
with his walking; the conjunctiva remained red and the pupil
contracted.
“Towards the 13th of May the skin became adherent and covered with
scurf; the cutaneous respiration was nearly destroyed.
“On the 25th of May, the swelling of the legs and the scrotum
became considerable, notwithstanding the frictions with water and
turpentine, which were made several times a day since the 13th; he
could, with difficulty be got out of the stable to be examined. The
pulse retained its hardness and frequency. The dung was hard, black
and small.
“During the month of June the phenomena were similar to those we
have enumerated; the swelling of the scrotum and the legs resisted
the tonic and stimulating applications.
“On examining the body, the ends of the nerves that had been drawn
out were found swollen as in the first horse. Similar results have
been obtained in all the other experiments that have been made on
this subject. It may be said in conclusion, that the phenomena
which appear after the removal of this ganglion, and which do
not depend on the operation, are the contraction of the pupil,
the redness of the conjunctiva, general emaciation, accompanied
with swelling of the legs, and a scurfy eruption which ultimately
affects the whole cutaneous surface.”
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