Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
[16] There is no proof that the sense of stricture which is felt
in the epigastric region, is connected with the stomach; and if it
were proved that it was so, it would not follow from it that this
organ was primarily affected from fear. The same passion sometimes
acts differently in different individuals; there are some who do
not feel this stricture in the epigastric region, but who are
deprived of the use of their legs; must it be said that in these
individuals the seat of fear is in the extensor muscles of the
legs? If the introduction of a warm drink into the stomach produces
an increase of cutaneous exhalation, should we conclude from
analogy, that it is by acting primarily upon this organ that fear
causes that cold sweat which sometimes accompanies it?
[17] _Note by the Author._--This nervous network, going principally
from the semi-lunar ganglion, belongs to almost the whole
abdominal vascular system, whose various ramifications it follows.
It is, according to the usual manner of considering it, one of
the divisions of the great sympathetic; but it seems to me that
the ideas of anatomists respecting this important nerve are not
conformable to nature.
Every one considers it as a medullary cord, extending from the head
to the sacrum, sending in its course various ramifications to the
neck, the thorax and the abdomen, following in its distributions
a course analogous to those nerves of the spine, and deriving its
origin from those nerves, according to some, and from those of the
brain, according to others. Whatever be the name by which it is
designated, sympathetic, intercostal, &c.; the manner of describing
it is always the same.
I believe that this manner is altogether wrong, that there really
exists no nerve analogous to the one designated by these words, and
that what is taken for a nerve is only a series of communications
between different nervous centres, placed at different distances
from each other.
These nervous centres are the ganglions, scattered throughout the
different regions, they have all an independent and insulated
action. Each is a particular centre which sends in various
directions many ramifications, which carry to their respective
organs the irradiations of the centre from which they go off. Among
these ramifications, some go from one ganglion to another; and as
these branches which unite the ganglions form by their union a kind
of continuous cord, this has been considered as a distinct nerve;
but these branches are only communications, simple anastomoses, and
not a nerve analogous to the others.
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