Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
This is so true, that these communications are often interrupted.
There are subjects, for example, in whom is found a very distinct
interval between the pectoral and lumbar portions of what is called
the great sympathetic, which seems to be cut off in this place.
I have seen this pretended nerve cease and afterwards reappear,
either in the lumbar or sacral region. Who does not know that
sometimes a single branch, sometimes many go from one ganglion to
another, especially between the last cervical and the first dorsal;
that the size of these branches varies remarkably; and that after
having furnished many divisions, the sympathetic is larger than
before it gave off any?
These considerations evidently prove that the communicating
branches of the ganglions no more suppose a continuous nerve than
the branches which go from each of the cervical, lumbar or sacral
pair to the two pair which are superior and inferior to them. In
fact, notwithstanding these communications, we consider each pair
in a separate manner, and do not regard their union as a nerve.
It is necessary to describe in the same way separately each
ganglion, and the branches which go off from it.
Hence I shall divide hereafter in my descriptions, in which I
have hitherto pursued the ordinary course, the nerves into two
great systems, one arising from the brain, and the other from the
ganglions; the first has a single centre, the second has a great
number of them.
I shall first examine the divisions of the cerebral system; I
shall afterwards treat of the system of the ganglions, which may
be subdivided into those of the head, the neck, the thorax, the
abdomen and the pelvis.
In the head is found the lenticular ganglion, that of Meckel, that
of the sublingual gland, &c. &c. Though no communication connects
these different centres, either together or with the pretended
great sympathetic, yet their description belongs to that of the
nerves of which this is the connecting link, as the communications
are arrangements merely accidental to this system of nerves.
In the neck there are the three cervical ganglions, sometimes
another upon the side of the trachea, in the thorax the twelve
thoracic, in the abdomen the semi-lunar, the lumbar, &c. and in
the pelvis the sacral; these are the different centres whose
ramifications it is necessary to examine separately, as we do those
of the cerebral centre.
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